Family and Old Woman

Once upon time in one small village, lived an old farmer with 3 sons. The first one was strong, and the second one was fast, and the third one was clever. They were always arguing about who is the best son and never help each other. One day the farmer became sick so they called a doctor. Father and Doctor Father: hi my friend. How are you? Doctor: Hi my friend, I am fine. I haven’t seen you long time. How are you my sick friend? Father: how do know that I’m sick? Doctor: I’m a doctor, why would you call me then? Father: I’m not sick but I just want to show my sons that they must stay together and help each other.Please tell them that I’m sick and I need medicine so they must go to witches highland together to find that medicine. Doctor: So you just pretend that you are sick, I don’t like to lie but since you are my old friend I will do it for you. I hope your sons will understand that they must help each other. Doctor really wants to help his friend so he goes to talk with farmers sons†¦ Doctor and the three sons Doctor: Hi, lucky that I met all of you here, your father is sick and he needs the medicine. Clever son: where is that medicine? Doctor: it’s far away in the witches highlands.Fast son: how far is that place? Strong son: how hard is the way? Doctor: The way is very long and difficult so you must go together as soon as possible. I will look after him while you will have a journey so don’t worry and leave†¦ Fight for who is going to get the medicine Strong son: I’m stronger the both of you and better then you I will go get the medicine alone I don’t need your help. Fast son: I’m fastest one, I will go and comeback faster than you and we don’t have enough time. Clever son: let him go he is really stupid, I’m sure that he will comeback without the medicine.So after long discussing and fighting, they decided that the strong son will go first to this journey to find the medicine. On the way he met an old woman that looks very strange. Strong son _old woman dialog Strong son: I look for a way to a â€Å"witch’s highland† do you know how can I go there? Old woman: why you want to go there, it is very far and dangerous place, no one come back from there. Strong son: my father is sick and I need a medicine that can be finding only there. Old woman: if you want to go there I will show you the way but you have something to do for me. Strong son: what should I do?Old woman: there is a tree that is 10 meters high. From here till the tree is more than 10 days way, but you have to go there less than 2 hours. He couldn’t do this so he had to return home without any medicine. Three sons Clever son and fast son: Laughing to strong brother. Clever son: I knew that you will comeback without the medicine. Fast son: now it’s my turn to go to get the medicine. After that the fast son went to find the medicine . He also met the same old woman on his way. Fast son and old woman Fast son: hey, grandma’ do you know how can I get to the â€Å"witches highland†?Old woman: I’m not your grandma’ and why do you want to go there? Fast son: I want to get a medicine for my sick father. Old woman: Before you come here someone came asking for the same place, and if you want to go there you have to answer my question first then I will show you the way. How many hairs on your head? He try to count a long time but he can’t answer to her question, he also couldn’t pass the river, so he a returned to home without the medicine. Clever son: Laughs on his fast brother when he came back without the medicine.Clever son: I will get the medicine that the both off you couldn’t get. Then the last boy went to find the medicine. He met the same old women again. Clever son old woman Clever son: hi I came here to find a medicine for my sick father before I come here both of my brothers c ame looking for it and they couldn’t get it. Old woman: Yes, I met them before you, but I will you want to go there and find the medicine you must do something to for me. Clever son: what should I do for you? Old woman: nothing special only I want you to pass the river and get for me that laptop there.Because I want to check my face book I didn’t check it for a long time. He couldn’t do it too, so he returned home. When he come back to home doctor call them and ask what happened. Doctor: You see you don’t listen to me and didn’t go together, you just waste all of your time to argue who is better and still haven’t got the medicine that your father needs. Tell me why you all return without it? Clever son: I met the strange old woman and she told me to pass the river but I couldn’t because it’s it was hard, so I come back†¦ Strong son: I can pass the river but she told me to go somewhere very fast.Fast son: I can go anywhere very fast but she asked me a difficult question that I couldn’t answer. Clever son: I can answer to any question. Doctor: So you must go together and do all her tasks . Who is better is not important you must help your sick father. Help each other and get the medicine I’ll be waiting for you†¦ Finally they went together to find the medicine. They met the old woman again. 3 Sons_ old woman _dialog Old woman: why you come to me again when you can’t do everything that I want? Clever son: now, we are together so we can do everything that you want.Strong son: just say anything that you want we will do it. Fast son: what is the question? Where is the river? How we can arrive to tree? Old woman: at fist you have to answer me, how many hairs on my head? Clever son: as much as users of facebook. Old woman: You must pass that big river and bring me the laptop from other side; also you should bring me an apple from the big tree. Acting. Fast son run and bring the appl e, strong son bring the laptop. The strong and fast sons bring the laptop and an apple to old woman and she gives them a medicine.They took the medicine from old woman and return to home. Doctor and 3 sons’ scene: Doctor: I am glad that you come back, finally you understand that you must help each other and stick together. Don’t worry your father is not sick, you are all together now as he hopes, so go tell him about your adventure and leave him. Help him and each other and everything will be alright. Three sons never argue or fight again with each other, they do everything together and they live happily with their father. The end

Deconstructing Harry: Harry Truman and the Cold War Essay

Exploring the Impact of Cold War Politics on Executive Order 9981 When President Truman and his adminstartion desegregated the military by Executive Order 9981 in 1948, he was seizing the unique opportunity presented by the changing nature of race and its influence on politics at the close of WWII to elevate the nation above the crippling racism that had permeated its history since Liconln’s failed reconstruction. The authors of Foxholes and Color Lines: also noted that â€Å"a new, more liberal perspective on racial issues gained enough strength within the white general public to become an important element in national culture and political debate during the war years.† The changing attitudes about race in Armed Services after their exposure to European culture after WWII, the changing role of race in foreign policy and the increasingly powerful influence of race on international affairs during the Truman Adminstation compelled Truman to follow the advice of his The re port entitled, â€Å"To Secure These Rights† was issued on 29 October 1947 and detailed the deplorable status of race relations in America at the time. It admitted the failure of ‘separate but equal† tolerated Northern states stood out in prominence and federal intervention was judged the only solution. They recommended federal measures to protect the civil rights of African-Americans in the Post WWII society. Federal intervention in the form of would protect African-Americans from continued disenfranchisement in the Jim Crow south and curtail the renewed lynching activities of the KKK. Truman is also credited with also credited with in iating the legacy of Plessy V Fergusson in public education and federal employment. President Truman’s legislative actions in desegregating the military and federal service set the precedent of active federal protection of civil rights and replacing the memory of the failed Reconstruction Era and is credited with intervention action on the reports legislation n active and mandatory federal When President Truman federally mandated the integration of the Armed Services in 1948 he man y characterized it as the ‘Second Reconstruction’ for this country, but with a reluctant Congress and his blunt, Midwestern persona, the ‘Accidental President’ merely delayed the inevitable zenith of racial tension that erupted in the 1960s. This paper will explore the origins of President Truman’s strong policies on civil rights from the initial report of the Gillem Board in 1945, to his revulsion of the racial violence aimed at returning WWII African-American Service members and the eventual decision to desegregate the Armed Services in 1948. President Truman’s legislative actions ignited a firestorm of social and political backlash led by Southern Democrats. And although he did win his reelection, the stagnate nature of civil rights legislation after Truman left office attests to the fact the he had set a benchmark of laissez-faire commitment concerning civil rights that gave his predecessors political motivation to continue the legacy of Plessy v Ferguson ruling; a ruling in which Congress had made state sponsored racism the law de jour of the land. The moral roots of the man who would come to represent the quintessential ‘Midwestern Democrat’ were planted in Jackson County Missouri. Born o n May 8, 1884 in Lamar, Missouri, he enjoyed the ‘happiest childhood imaginable’ with brother, John Vivian, simply called Vivian, and sister, Mary Jane. The first of three children resulting from the union of John and Martha Ellen Truman, the President was quoted as saying about his father, â€Å"†¦his code was honesty and integrity. His word was good†¦he raised me and my brother to put honor above profit.† And of his mother he says, she â€Å"taught us the moral code†, a lesson that the bespectacled, serious student took to heart. Truman was often â€Å"praised for his ‘excellent character’ during his early school life. In 1917, at the age of thirty-three, Truman was commissioned into the Missouri National Guard’s 129th Field Artillery Regiment, Battery D. There he established a reputation as an exemplary leader with integrity and strong moral character. These traits established the basis of his political and personal supporters throughout his lifetime. President Truman’s liberal views on labor relations in Missouri led to him being ticketed as the ‘Tom and Joe endorsed candi date’ in 1922 Jackson County Court elections. This blatant message, a sign from the KKK, was an attempt to brand the candidate and warn off potential voters. Michael Gardener made especial mention of Truman’s political tussle with the KKK in his book, Harry S. Truman and Civil Rights: Moral Courage and Political Risks, â€Å"The Klan’s opposition to Truman’s candidacy for the county judgeship was later confirmed by the Independence Examiner of November 6, 1922, which reported that ‘men stood Sunday morning at the doors of several protestant Churches in Independence as the people were leaving after the service and passed out pink â€Å"Sample Ballots.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ It was the Ku Klux Klan ballot.† Klansmen from as far away as Kansas City used scare tactics and violence to intimidate black voters; and although Truman narrowly defeated his opponent against horrible opposition and violent Klan activity, these acts forever soured Truman’s appetite for organized racism in the political process and the violence that hate groups such as the Ku Klux Klan represented. Leaving Independence in 1934 as a candidate for the Senate, Truman announced, â€Å"If the Almighty God decides that I go there I am going to pray as King Solomon did, for wisdom to do the job.† The country was already wedged tight between the rock of the Depression and the looming hard place of War World II, when Senator Truman arrived in Washington, but things were starting to look up for civil rights legislation. President Roosevelt had issued The Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, a major new development in race relations in regards to military service for African-Americans. This new act specifically banned â€Å"discrimination against any person on account of race or color.† Truman also witnessed Executive Order 8802, The Fair Employment Act, legislative action aimed at obtaining civil rights for minorities and women in a federal workplace. The Fair Employment Act banned racial discrimination in hiring for any industry that received a government contract r elated to defense. This allowed African-Americans and women were hired at the start of the war as the result. But while all these acts called for legislative nulling of Plessy V Ferguson, the consensus of white America was still firmly attached to the idea of ‘separate but equal’. In 1944 Truman was ‘flabbergasted’ at the idea of being nominated for Vice-President and initially denied the nomination, preferring to stay in the Senate. In Truman’s words, obtained from an oral history recorded by Hillman, Roosevelt’s response was, â€Å"Well if he wants to let the Democratic Party and the country down in the midst of a war that is his responsibility.† Unbeknownst to anyone, Truman would be in the unhappy position of Vice-President for less than 90 days with the sudden death of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt from a stroke on April 12, 1946. The ‘accidental’ President Truman told reporters, â€Å"I felt like the moon, the stars, and all the p lanets had fallen on me.† As President Truman abruptly ended the war, America was enjoying the ‘boom’ portion of the boom-bust cycle of the American economy. But wartime gains lead to peacetime reversals of fortunes and the threat of rising inflation, labor shortages, and an Anti-New Deal Congress made President Truman’s job of balancing the economic concerns of rural America and industrial America extremely difficult. The War Mobilization and Reconversion Act of 1944 was passed with provisions for keeping the country on stable economic footing, but Truman was not satisfied, â€Å"I feel it my duty to draw attention to the fact that the bill does not adequately deal with the human side of reconversion.† And it hadn’t, as many returning African-American soldiers that had joined through the Selective Service where now considered obsolete in their military service. The Ku Klux Klan also experienced a revival of support in Jim Crow South as enlightened Black soldiers returned from life in Europe unencumbered by the crippling racism of the United States. In faraway places like Germany and France, they were considered equals fighting for the cause of right and they were unwilling to give those liberties back after their service was finished. But the Klan would have none of that and racial violence increased in an effort to terrorize Southern blacks back into pre-War submission. The slayings of US soldiers on the heels of the allied victory over communism disturbed Truman greatly and despite his personal feelings toward race, he would always favor equality for all men. It must be made clear that although Truman wanted, â€Å"fairness, equality before the law† for all citizens, social equality for African-Americans was not addressed at this time. He viewed the victory in WWII as a victory of freedom over oppression yet we still had oppressed people in our own backyard. The hypocrisy wasn’t missed by Truman, his administration or the American public. But even with that said, without the support of Congress he had no choice but to force sensitive legislation on a war weary nation. Truman first tried to address civil rights by balancing the needs of the military with the rights of African American soldiers. His strategy was to use a series of committees convened to specifically locate problems of racial inequality within the military itself. Truman’s goal was to initiate positive steps toward equality within the captive audience of a significant portion of the population i.e. the Armed Services. The Gillem Board, created in 1946 and headed by then Secretary of War, Robert P. Patterson was charged with finding’ â€Å"a definite and workable policy for the utilization of Negro troops in the postwar military e stablishment.† The Armed Services had been woefully unprepared for the sheer volume of black soldiers that enlisted in WWII and keeping units racially segregated during peacetime was an inefficient undertaking. The recommendations from the Gillem Board were delivered on 16 Jan 1946, with the â€Å"†¦ultimate objective the effective use of all manpower made available to the military establishment†¦without regard to antecedent or race.† With the executive order and the establishing of the Fahy Committee, which had oversight of military desegregation, the process of integration began and then all hell broke loose. In February of the same year, Isaac Woodard had his sight taken by a South Carolina Sherriff in one of the most unspeakable acts of racial violence ever witnessed. Isaac Woodard was traveling home after his discharge from the Army on 12 February 1946 when he was taken off a Greyhound bus in Batesburg South Carolina and beaten by police after being accused of talking back to the bus driver. Woodard was told, â€Å"Boy, go on back and sit down and keep quiet and don’t be talking out so loud.† His reply â€Å"God damn it, talk to me like I’m talking to you. I’m a man just like you,† The sheriff charged with the crime was eventually acquitted by an all-white jury but President Truman and African-American soldiers had enough. Michael Gardner notes that, â€Å"Polls indicated that 85 percent of Americans saw need for Federal action†¦Congressional approval for new laws was impossible because of Southern Congressional influence. President Truman was given no choice but to act by executive order if he had any hopes of reversing this trend to toward apathetic acceptance of racial violence in the Deep South. On July 30, 1946, the Justice Department was instructed to â€Å"proceed with all its resources to investigate crimes of oppression so as to ascertain if any Federal statute can be applied.† And President Truman preceded full bore to desegregate the military by forming President’s Committee on Civil Rights. â€Å"The legislative job of the President is especially important to the people who have no special representatives to plead their cause before Congress and that includes the great majority†¦The other twenty million are able to employ people to represent them and that’s all right, its the exercise of the right of petition but someone has to look after the interests of the one hundred and fifty million that are left.† The report ultimately decides â€Å"to end immediately all discrimination and segregation based on race, color, creed or national origin in†¦all branches of the Armed Services.† And by 1948 President Truman ordered the immediate desegregation of the armed Service. The political backlash was immediate and harsh. The Army would ultimately try and circumvent the ruling Secretary of the Army Kenneth Royall is noted as sa ying â€Å"segregation in the Army must go,† but not immediately. Southern Democrats or Dixiecrats, at the National convention were so offended by the idea that many walked out of the convention in support of Strom Thurmond. President Truman’s decision to integrate the services was not fully realized until well after his executive order. In fact two years after his decision, the Fahy committee was still arguing the merits of an integrated service and America’s political leaders were taking carful note of voters and polls in the wake of Executive Order 9981. Despite the political suicide these orders represented President Truman proceeded with his cause of equality. His legacy in the civil rights movement gave the NAACP and others the legal foothold o challenge the powers that be in the 1960s and he has subsequently been heralded as on the greatest Presidents in American history. Praise for his courage and tenacity in pursuit of equal rights has been a longtime coming. Truman could never have imagined he would lead the nation out of WWII with the bombing of Hiroshima and into a new day of civil rights activism with the desegregation of the Armed Services before leaving office in 1952. President Truman had faced the centrifugal and centripetal forces surrounding his introduction of Civil Rights legislation with steely-eyed determination and caustic wit. His trademarked, â€Å"If you can’t stand the heat, get out of the kitchen.† sums up his attitude toward dissenters quite nicely. And although he did achieve the goal many African-Americans wanted at the end of WWII, much of Truman’s legislation is responsible for delaying the violence that he surely anticipated to erupt in the US. In of civil rights offences that culmination violence until the Freedom Summer of 1964 may have been able to stave of the later race riots of the 1960s d he stands as a model for a true man of the people president. But when it comes to changing a nation’s heart and consciences it is sometimes more than a mere mortal can do, even if he is the President, Hillman says, â€Å"He had achieved less in civil rights than he had hoped, but he had created the epoch-making Commission on Civil Rights, ordered the desegregation of the armed services and federal Civil Service, and done more than any President since Lincoln to awaken American conscience to the issues of Civil Rights. Bibliography Belknap, Michal R., ed. Civil Rights, the White House, and the Justice Department, 1945 – 1968. Vol. 3, Integration of the Armed Forces. New York: Garland Publishing, 1991. Berman, William C. The Politics of Civil Rights in the Truman Administration. N.p.: Ohio State University Press, 1970. Bernstein, Barton J., ed. Politics and Policies of the Truman Administration. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1970. Bernstein, Barton J., and Allen J. Matusow, Eds. The Truman Administration: A Documentary History. New York: Harper & Row, 1966. Cochran, Bert. Harry S Truman and the Crisis Presidency. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1973. Dalfiume, Richard M. Desegregation of the U.S. Armed Forces: Fighting on Two Fronts, 1939- 1953. Columbia, University of Missouri Press, 1969. Donovan, Robert J. Conflict and Crisis: The Presidency of Harry S Truman, 1945 – 1948. New York: W. W. Norton, 1977. ———.Tumultuous Years: The Presidency of Harry S Truman, 1949 – 1953. New York: W. W. Norton, 1982. Ferrell, Robert H. Truman: A Centenary Remembrance. London: Thames and Hudson, 1984. ———., ed. Dear Bess: The Letters from Harry to Bess Truman, 1910 – 1959. New York: W. W. Norton, 1983. ———., ed. Off the Record: The Private Papers of Harry S. Truman. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1997. Frederickson, Kari. The Dixiecrat Revolt and the End of the Solid South, 1932 – 1968. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001. Gardner, Michael R. Harry Truman and Civil Rights: Moral Courage and Political Risks. Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press, 2002. Gerhardt, James M. The Draft and Public Policy: Issues in Military Manpower Procurement, 1945 – 1970. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1971. Giangreco, D. M., and Kathryn Moore, Eds. Dear Harry: The Truman Administration Through Correspondence with â€Å"Everyday Americans.† Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 1991 Gullan, Harold I. The Upset That Wasn’t: Harry S Truman and the Crucial Election of 1948. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1998. Hamby, Alonzo L.ed. Harry S Truman and the Fair Deal. Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath and Co., 1974. Hechler, Ken. Working with Truman: A Personal Memoir of the White House Years. New York: P. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1982. Horton, David, ed. Freedom and Equality: Addresses by Harry Truman. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1960. Lacey, Michael J., Ed. The Truman Presidency. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Lawson, Steven F. Running for Freedom: Civil Rights and Black Politics in America Since 1941. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1991. ———., ed. To Secure These Rights: The Report of President Harry S. Truman’s Committee on Civil Rights. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2004. MacGregor, Morris J., Jr. Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940 – 1965. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History, 1981. McCullough, David. Truman. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992. Mershon, Sherie, and Steven Schlossman. Foxholes & Color Lines: Desegregating the U.S. Armed Forces. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998. Miller, Earle. Plain Speaking: An Oral Biography of Harry S. Truman. New York: Berkley Publishing, 1973. Mitchell, Franklin D. Harry S. Truman and the News Media: Contentious Relations, Belated Respect. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1998. National Archives and Records Service, ed. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Harry S. Truman. 8 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1961-68. Phillips, Cabell. The Truman Presidency: The History of a Triumphant Succession. New York: Macmillan Co., 1966.

Discuss the proposition that the experience of downsizing leads to the Essay

Discuss the proposition that the experience of downsizing leads to the de - motivation and demoralisation of employees - Essay Example 693). Specifically, the debate on whether or not downsizing demoralises and motivates employees is the issue this paper would like to delve on. Nothing is constant in this world except change. Change is progressive. It is inevitable that it has to be addressed, no matter what. The more you avoid it, the worse you end up, yet you should not also deal with it haphazardly. In a fast developing world, change is something you should always prepare for, because the faster development occurs and so is with change. This is the dilemma most companies, big and small, confront today especially so that in a continuously changing global economy, companies see their survival primarily on the displacement of employees. What initially was an American phenomenon has transcended national borders. Several European organizations (including Volvo, British Airways, Vivendi, and Alcatel), as well as Asian companies, such as Fuji, Sony, Toshiba, Nissan, and Daewoo, have experienced layoffs, divestitures, and closings in recent years. This downsizing is especially significant given the labour laws, worker councils, and national cultures that traditionally have supported lifelong relationships between employers and employees. In China, for example, mores were at one time so strong that this type of organizational activity was referred to as ‘taking away someones rice bowl’ (that is, the company would be removing an individuals means of income). (Marks & De Meuse 2003, p. 3) These downsizing practices have been gaining criticism from different sections of society in every part of the globe. This dilemma becomes more pronounced as the world economy worsens because competition among corporations becomes stiffer and harsher further sharpening the inherent contradiction between labour and capital. In their study of industrial relations systems in the UK, Turnbull, Blyton & Harvey (2004) observed that, adversarialism rather than

Organisational Change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 11

Organisational Change Management - Essay Example In this regard, the council, through a consultant has been advised to use Appreciative Inquiry 5D to overcome the problem facing the organization and to allow them offer better services to the council. The use of AI 5D involves identifying the strengths rather than weaknesses to bring change in the organization, this paper then discusses the use of AI 5D in bring the necessary change in the council (Englund, Graham, and Paul 2006, p.35). Definition The main concern of the change process in the council is necessitated by the higher levels of absenteeism by the employees who abscond their duties most of the time, they do not show up to take care of their duties and this has led to the emergence of some of the problems associated with absenteeism. The department that was worst hit in this case was that of the elderly care in the council, the care managers then became concerned about the situation as it aggravated the condition of elderly in the council that needed the support of the emp loyees. With the absenteeism rate spiralling, there are a number of issues that became apparent for action to be taken so that change could be brought. One of the salient problems that became out of control was the decline in the quality of the services that was being offered by the council, due to the widespread absenteeism, the quality of the services that was being provided by the council experienced significant drop owing to the fact that there were few employees who showed up. This made it possible for the work to be strenuous to the few individuals who turned up and the demands of the department could not be fully achieved hence decline in the quality of the services (Tennant 2012, p.47). The absenteeism factor also created another problem in the council’s department where the employees who turned up for their duties were subjected to more duties than prescribed so that they could cover for the duties that were to be done by the other workers who decided to be absent. B ecause of these, it became strenuous and stressful to the few workers who maintained reporting for their duties, they worked more than necessary and it was envisaged that if the trend continues, there would be possibility of breakdown and burnout that will definitely impair the performance of the employees who showed up for their duties every day. This consequence too made it prudent for the organization to find a solution to the challenge that was facing the organization as it was bedevilling the performance in more than one way (Reed 2007, p.53). The colleagues that were absent for work had to be covered for by those who turned up, this explains why there was more duties for those who showed up resulting into stressful work (Kluwer 2008, p.58). Lastly, absenteeism also had serious economic consequences for the council, ordinarily employees should be paid for the services that they offer to the organization that employs them, if these services are not offered, then there should be no payments given to the employees. If this happens, there will be obvious losses incurred by the organization, in this respect, the employees that had been out of their duties in the organization were causing serious economic pinch to the organizati

Cocktail presentation design report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cocktail presentation design report - Assignment Example Although the contents of the presentation were all designed from scratch, the built-in presentation wizard was used to see if any suitable template exists. A template designed for introducing a new product was deemed to be suitable so it was used for the overall background and style with modifications. This template had horizontal stripes which matched the way the cocktail mixtures have been depicted. The steps followed in using the wizard are shown in the figure below. Figure 1: The steps followed in using the presentation wizard In step 3 of the wizard, the basic slide transition effect was selected as Comb Horizontal which again was considered to be suitable because it matched both the cocktail depictions and the horizontally striped background. The speed was set as normal. This setting was applied to all the slides and all the slides except the ones showing the cocktails individually retained this setting. During step 4, the main title and the presenters name were entered. In ste p 5, the content pages suggested by the wizard were deselected because they were related to introducing a new product whereas I only used the background and style from this template. The cover or title slide of the presentation is shown below. Figure 2: Screenshot of the title slide of the presentation The presentation was then given an outline and ordering for the slides as shown in the table below. The initial duration of each slide is also stated in the third column and these timings were set according to the length of the time required to view or read the contents of each slide. The glasses sound effect was used for the main slide transitions besides the horizontal combing effect. Table 1: Organisation of the slides in the presentation Slide # Content Initial set duration (s) 1 Title slide showing the 4 parts 4 2 Shows the different cocktails 4 3 Relaxing Blue Hawaiian 2 4 Refreshing Daiquiri 2 5 Delicious Pina Colada 2 6 Tropical Mai Tai 2 7 Fruity Bahama Mama 2 8 Original Marg arita 2 9 Cooling Rum Runner 2 10 Creamy White Russian 2 11 Shows the different cocktails 2 12 Common ingredients 6 13 Glasses used for serving I 6 14 Glasses used for serving II 6 15 Preparation times (Ready in) 6 16 Closing slide 4 It can be seen from the above outline that the presentation covers all four of the main ideas about the eight popular cocktails, i.e. (1) origin, (2) ingredients, (3) type of glass used and (4) preparation time which are introduced at the beginning in the first slide. Later, background music was also added to the presentation to give an impression of being in a place where cocktails are being served as far as possible. Also the same blind effect was used for all the transitions set at a duration of 2 seconds and the sound effect was removed so that the background music could be heard instead. Each slide was also made to display for the same duration of 5 seconds. The different cocktails are first shown together (in slide 2) as shown below, and then indi vidually while being enlarged. Slides 3 to 10 have been made to behave as sub-slides by appearing between two slides both showing the complete range of cocktails. That is, to reinforce that this displying of the cocktails individually is a momentary divergence, the same picture of different cocktails in slide 11 appears as in slide 2. The flags above each cocktail show the origin of that cocktail and the preparation time is also marked inside a black circle besides each glass. Figure 3: Screenshot of the Different Cocktails slide The presentation then gives information on the common ingredients in slide 12. This information has been displayed in a table format as shown in the screenshot below because it makes it

Biomedical engineering and IT coordination Essay

Biomedical engineering and IT coordination - Essay Example However, there was confusion on how to manage these devices. This is why Cabrai and Stankiewicz the head of NEHS clinical engineering group decided to give a new approach to the CE-IT overlap. They called for a summit that gave birth to the agreement that today acts as the model for VA hospitals across the United States. This change led to reduced support costs and brought forward a consistent level of skills and leadership in clinical engineering across all hospitals. It also led to the creation of a unified team that works efficiently with other programs in the VA. The MOU signed by IT, network directors and CE executives provided a framework for the establishment of a cooperative and productive working relationship between the two departments. Cabrai says that the review board was created because they wouldn’t include everything in the MOU. Stankiewicz on his part says that the MOU is reviewed annually during the summits in order to make the necessary changes so that it remains relevant. The operations within the medical centers have been made easier because of this agreement as it offers the guidelines on how to handle different

Week 7 Hand-in Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week 7 Hand-in Assignment - Essay Example Of late, use of secure versions of HTTP and HTML (called HTTPS and SHTML respectively) has made micro-payment systems faster and safer. (Visa, 2012a; Visa, 2012b; Michel, 2001) Payclick deploys the basic principles of e-commerce transaction management. The working methods satisfy both the international legal and technical standards. It can be stated that it operates through a peer-to-peer fiscal management framework which involves extensive but careful utilization of the Internet. â€Å"An example system includes a payment processor that executes software instructions for creating and managing electronic payment accounts and an accounts database to store account data from the payment processor. The payment processor may be configured to receive a payment request from a payer, the payment request including information to identify a payee and a payment amount.† (Perlman. 2011, Abstract) In other words, simplicity of a micro-payment system lies in its transaction processing method. The main challenge is to keep the costs of the transaction processing and delivery charges as low as possible, hence less complicated and simply synchronic IT applications are called for. Principle of working of Payclick is basically the same as explained by Perlman (2011). According to the company, â€Å"You (the customer) can add funds to your payclick account using your Visa, MasterCard, credit, debit or prepaid card, or your bank account through BPay. And that’s that. You are ready to buy online wherever you see the payclick button.† (Visa, 2012a) Payclick thus supports small value payments at lower costs of transaction with least holdup and in exchange to the services and products that are instantaneously deliverable. The money transferring processes are hassle free and supported by several vendors and technologies to impart greater suppleness and

Critically review so called push and pull system of control for supply Essay

Critically review so called push and pull system of control for supply chains in the automotive sectore - Essay Example It is pretty obvious that the production process will most certainly be geared towards producing those items that are in greater demand as any business entity tries to shorten the working capital cycle as much as possible so as to generate maximum amount of profit in the shortest possible time frame. But there is one other element that affects the overall profitability of any organisation, and that is the volume of capital employed. As any student of management accounting is aware of, the quantum of capital employed in plant and machinery is more or less uniform across an industry as all players generally opt for the latest technology so as to enjoy maximum levels of operating efficiency. So, there is not much to differentiate between the competitors in that regard. But the area where the leaders leave the stragglers behind is supply chain management and inventory control. If a proper and taut control over inventory is not maintained, the level of capital employed can never be brough t down while keeping the operational efficiency intact. These days the management gurus are looking beyond the narrow and immediate confines of inventory management and are looking at managing the supply chain as a whole. Supply chain attempts to view the whole production process as a seamless entity that begins with market research for correctly evaluating consumer demand and follows the flow of inputs and services through the production process right till the time when the finished product reaches the final consumer. Thus this is a wider concept that includes all the stakeholders; right from the supplier that supplies raw materials to the final consumer that buys the product to satisfy a particular need. In between of course lie the producer, the labour and the service inputs from the tertiary sector of the economy. A supply chain in

A topic that shows an understanding of economics conept Term Paper

A topic that shows an understanding of economics conept - Term Paper Example Wal-Mart gets a huge discount for buying the milk in large quantities. Similarly, the suppliers who deliver the ten thousand cartons enjoy the economies of scale. The cost of delivering many cartons is remarkably low. Notably, the average cost of delivering the thousand cartons is less than that of transporting hundred. In effect, the transport cost per unit reduces remarkably. The supplier will need to pay a single driver, and the fuel cost will remain fixed. It is evident that the economies of scale benefit the firms that purchase products in large quantities. The reduction of the cost per output in turn increases the profitability of firms as in the case of Wal-Mart. The Wal-Mart economies of scale is internal. It is specific to the individual enterprise. Boyes and Melvin (2012) contend that the firms that buy products in bulk for resale benefit from the internal economies of scale known as purchasing. Such firms reduce the expenses including the transport costs. Wal-Mart continues to gain the purchasing economies of scale for buying products from the suppliers in large quantities. Similarly, the supermarket chain achieves purchasing discount. In essence, Wal-Mart and suppliers benefit from the economies of scale by purchasing and delivering in bulk respectively. Therefore, firms should capitalize on the economies of scale to maximize profits and reduce the cost of production as exemplified by Wal-Mart. The economies of scale enjoyed by the Wal-Mart can be used expound the patterns of global trade. In effect, the exploitation of the economies of scale can explain the growth of firms such as Wal-Mart in a particular industry. Boyes and Melvin (2012) argue that economists utilize the economies of scale justify free trade policies. Perhaps, the economies of scale, which Wal-Mart enjoys, has facilitated the expansion of the chain supermarket to many parts across the globe. The low cost of

Reading Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading Assessment - Assignment Example The current immigrants are different from the earlier immigrants in the sense that they form the source of terrorists and other ill intention arrivals with an objective of destroying the United States. John Amagoalik quote emphasizes relevance of Nunavut to original inhabitants of Australia and Greenland, Canada. Amagoalik argues that preserving Nunavut would assist Inuit and Aboriginals in protecting the erosion of their culture and history. Therefore, Nunavut existence remains symbolic of Aboriginals and Inuit historical reality. Gurston Dacks quote contradicts ideas advanced by Amagoalik. He argues that Nunavut have no particular value. Dacks, further states that Nunavut existence would only revoke postwar ideals rather than infer benefits to Austrian or Canadian community (Smith, 1971). Clash of civilization theory proposes that post-Cold War would result from peoples’ religious and cultural identities. Media arguments and research findings support clash of civilizations theory. Media reports on continued disagreements between Islam community and the Western countries relates to the theory. Contemporary media news reports that Islamic communities have decided to form militant movements that reject Western values and way of living. Unfolding religious and cultural events prompts for analysis to support clash of civilizations theory. Cultural and religious differences between Islam and Christian community require insightful analysis and professional views to ascertain clash of civilizations

The Gospel According to Luke commonly shortened Essay Example for Free

The Gospel According to Luke commonly shortened Essay The Gospel According to Luke commonly shortened to the Gospel of Luke or simply Luke is the third and longest of the four Gospels. This synoptic gospel is an account of the life and ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. It details his story from the events of his birth to his Ascension. The purpose of Luke is to write a precise and reliable history of Jesus’ Christ’s life, while bringing out the theological significance of the history. He is a Greek and the only Gentile Christian writer of the New Testament. The language of Luke reveals that he is an educated man. We learn in Colossians 4:14 that he is a physician. In this book Luke refers many times to sicknesses and diagnoses. Being a Greek and a doctor would explain his scientific and orderly approach to the book, giving great attention to detail in his accounts. He addressed his Gospel to the Greek people (a non-Jewish). The Gospel according to Luke is the first part of a two-volume work that continues the biblical history of God’s dealings with humanity found in the Old Testament, showing how God’s promises to Israel have been fulfilled in Jesus and how the salvation promised to Israel and accomplished by Jesus has been extended to the Gentiles. The Gospel of Luke and the Book of Acts are closely related. Written by the same author and for the same purpose, both were addressed to a Christian named Theophilus and were designed for the purpose of presenting to him a complete and well authenticated narrative of the early history of the Christian movement. Luke was a faithful friend and travel companion of Paul. , who came to be known in Christian circles as the Apostle to the Gentiles,. He wrote the book of Acts as a sequel to the Gospel of Luke. Some discredit Lukes Gospel because he was not one of the 12 disciples. However, Luke had access to historical records. He carefully researched and interviewed the disciples and others who were eyewitnesses to the life of Pauls interpretation of Christianity as a universal religion did much to eliminate the barriers between Jews and Gentiles. When Jews and Gentiles are contrasted in Luke, often the Gentiles are presented in the more favorable light. As nearly as we can determine, the Gospel of Luke was written toward the end of the first century, probably between the years 85–90 A. D. By this time, Christianity was fast becoming a worldwide movement. The predominant theme in the book of Luke is the perfect humanity of Jesus Christ. The Savior entered human history as the perfect man. He himself offered the perfect sacrifice for sin, therefore, providing the perfect Savior for humankind Luke shows the broad humanitarian character of Jesus work that was manifested from the first in Jesus attitude toward the Samaritans and others whom the Jews regarded as their enemies. Jesus never failed to commend those who had a humble and contrite heart and it made no difference whether they were Jews or Gentiles. Lukes Gospel gives special emphasis to prayer, miracles and angels as well. Interesting to note, women are given an important place in Lukes writings. The gospel closes with an account of the resurrection and the subsequent meetings of Jesus with the disciples and others. As two men are walking to the village of Emmaus, Jesus joins them, but the men do not recognize Jesus until he sits at a table with them and blesses the food that they are about to eat. Later, Jesus meets with the eleven disciples in Jerusalem and overcomes their suspicions by showing his hands and feet to them. They cook some fish, and Jesus partakes of the food with them. Then follows a farewell discourse to the disciples, during which Jesus gives them instruction concerning what they should do. Afterward, they go together as far as Bethany, and after blessing the disciples, Jesus departs from them.

University Gambling Essay Example for Free

University Gambling Essay The American psychiatric association considers gambling as a form of an impulse control disorder with the patient having an uncontrollable urge to bet in the hope of making additional money. Gambling is becoming a very common practice as most states rush to legalize gambling as a form of an economic venture. There are a number of benefits to be accrued through gambling but as most scholars have alluded, there are immense social and economic costs involved. The history of gambling dates back to eternity and the holy books of Christians and Jews contain evidence of gambling. Islam has come out outstandingly as one of the religion that has categorically prohibited gambling. Most of the scholarly materials present have paid attention to the effects of gambling neglecting the causes. Few however have been able to hypothesize on the causes often alluding to biological and social causes. Dopamine has been implicated as one of the possible biochemical possible for gambling. According to Rosner Hermes (109), scientists have â€Å"found that the use of some forms of dopamine causes compulsive gambling even when this compulsion did not exist prior to the use of dopamine. † Others have also pointed out that a sudden change in the way the brain functions may cause behavioral and attitude change leading to addictive habits such as gambling. Another lead cause of gambling as with other forms of addictions such as alcohol and drugs is peer influence. Friends and work colleagues may influence an individual to engage in gambling leading to the development of a compulsive urge to gamble. Where research on the causes of gambling is still ongoing to establish whether there is a genetic predisposition to the habit, immense studies on the effects exist with most research pointing to the negative side of gambling. There has been a flurry of opinions in regard it whether indeed gambling leads to economic benefits or not. There are a number of economic benefits to be realized especially in places where casinos are localized. Casinos for example offer ample employment opportunities to the community and also act as important recreation facilities. A look at Las Vegas indicates it is home to thousands of workers. Additionally, extra revenue is racked from tourism as some gambling centers are attractive sites for tourists. More income is generated from the influx of visitors who consume local products. Most analysts agree that this is the furthest that the benefits of gambling extend as the other side of the coin is laden with adverse economic effects both to the individual and to the society at large. Gambling has been identified as the lead cause of bankruptcy. The existing research on the issue indicates that â€Å"about 10% of bankruptcy fillings are linked to gambling losses. † (Webber). While a large number of people engage in gambling, a smaller portion of this that engage in problem gambling ends up in debts led by the belief that the more they spend the higher their chances of winning. It is this indebt-ness that might in the end exceed the annual income that will lead to bankruptcy. Though there is still a raging controversy on whether there is a causal link between the two, tentative conclusions have affirmed the link. The available statistics indicate that bankruptcy for example in the United States has been on the increase, what remains interesting is the fact that such bankruptcy has been on the rise in tandem with the increase in the number of state sanctioned gambling centers. Though there are no available statistics to affirm the claims, available data by most organizations has pointed to this. The lack of adequate national figures to reach the rightful conclusion has been blamed on the reluctance by the victims to reveal the cause of their bankruptcy. Compulsive gambling has been lumped together with drugs and excessive alcohol as a social evil. It is an apparent fact that individuals can be addicted to gambling at chronic levels. Just like addiction to drugs results to mental problems, excessive gambling addiction can lead to psychiatric disorders. This hence leads to additional costs to the society. The government spends a huge amount of money on rehabilitation programs for addicts and similar programs have been unrolled for compulsive gamblers. Tentative studies have also seen a causal relationship between compulsive gambling and alcohol and drug abuse. Most gamblers after reaching the desperation phase result to deceit and fraud to finance their endeavors. This may result to underperformance at work and consequently loss of jobs. This is the time they crumble into the hopeless phase and resort to drugs and alcohol as a way of escaping the reality and numb the existing pain. (Grant et al 1) Another problem that has been linked to gambling is suicide. This is an issue that has attracted studies of late. These studies have been keen to unearth the increase in the number of suicides brought forth by the increase on the number of legalized casinos. These suicides are spread between visitors and people residing in cities which are popular for gambling. One of the cities that have attracted a flurry of attention is Las Vegas which has a record of over four times compared to the cities with no gambling ventures. As has been observed before, gambling occurs in various stages and it is at the desperation phase that a compulsive gambler begins to exhibit anti social behaviors to erase the memories of the constant losses. This leads to excessive alcohol use and drug abuse. This makes the gambler more prone to suicidal behaviors. Studies on the causal relationships between gambling and suicide also found out that suicide is not only limited to the gamblers but also to â€Å"spouses of gamblers or children of gamblers who visit gaming settings in the company of a gambling relative. † (Phillips, Welty Smith) Others who might be caught in the suicidal web are relatives and residences living in gaming settings but who might be involved in gambling. With the rise in the number of legalized gambling centers, the issue of whether there is a causal relationship between crime and gambling has attracted the interest of research. Most, though tentatively, have alluded to the fact that gambling contributes significantly to the rise in crime levels. It is important to observe here that crime is caused by huge amount of factors that might be present in the gambling cities. These may range from increased population, high rates if unemployment, availability of guns and the existing gun laws. It is hence difficult to isolate these factors as having a contributive effect on the level of crime. However, the conclusion reached by most studies has indicted that gaming cities have higher incidences of crime. A look at the small population that engage in compulsive gambling indicate that most had a history of either civil or criminal offenses. Due to the indebtness that come with gambling, most are likely to be engaged in theft, fraud, and drugs using casinos as avenues of money laundering. (Grinols 1) The negative effects of gambling more often than not spills over from the gambler to those that are close to him. Spouses and children are the first to be caught in the crunch. As has been observed, gambling is likely to lead to alcoholism, crime, drug addiction and at a chronic stage, suicide. Whereas most gamblers start betting low using their salaries, savings and finally their family assets, they are in great debt and cannot afford to cater for their family obligations. They also tend to acquire a short temper and may result to violence when queried by their relatives about their gambling habits. A significant number of marriages have been brought to an end by one of the spouse being a compulsive gambler. Children hence may not thrive well in such an environment and may face financial hardships and drop out if schools. Gambling also passes off huge losses to the society due to increase in crime, increased alcohol and drugs abuse as well as the effects of broken up families. Whereas studies on the causes of gambling are still being carried out, it is apparent that there is unanimity that it results to more social and economic losses than benefits. Gambling has been found to lead to indebtness, bankruptcy and most likely to suicide. Though it has a number if economic benefits such as extra revenue and employment opportunities, the social ills associated with the practice have led to its criticism. Works Cited Stanley Rosner, Patricia Hermes. The Self-sabotage Cycle: Why We Repeat Behaviors That Create Hardships and Ruin Relationships. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006, 109 Alexander L. Edgar, Ellen L. Triebold, Gambling On Dischargeability. Retrieved on February 28, 2009 from http://www. usdoj. gov/ust/eo/public_affairs/articles/docs/gambling. htm Jon E. Grant, Matt G. Kushner. , and Suck Won Kim. Pathological Gambling and Alcohol Use Disorder, 109. Retrieved on February 28, 2009 from http://pubs. niaaa. nih. gov/publications/arh26-2/143-150. pdf. Christian Marfels. Gambling and Suicide: Evidence from the Las Vegas Market. Gaming Law Review. February 1, 2001, 5(1): 33-41. Earl L. Grinols. Casino gambling causes crime. University of Illinois. Institute of Government and Public Affairs Policy Forum. Volume 13, Number 2, 2000,1 Retrieved on February 28, 2009 from http://netnebraska.org/television/news/ne_connects/gambling/CasinosCrime. pdf. David P. Phillips, Ward Welty, Marisa Smith. Suicide Life-Threatening` Behavior. Elevated Suicide Levels Associated with Legalized Gambling. University of California at San Diego. December 15, 1997. Retrieved on February 28, 2009 from http://www. responsiblegamblingcouncil. us/articles/Elevated_suicide_levels_associated_with_legalized_gambling. pdf. David Webber. Riverboat Gambling in Missouri: A Risk that should NOT have been Taken. May 1, 2002. Retrieved on February 28, 2009 from http://web. missouri. edu/~webberd/ganbling. memo

A Critical Evaluation Of Selected Teaching Materials English Language Essay

A Critical Evaluation Of Selected Teaching Materials English Language Essay This assignment is aimed at providing a critical evaluation of one of the modules (units) in the textbook New Cutting Edge, Pre-intermediate level in a relevant context for its possibly best use. This is an internal evaluation of a unit, in McDonough and Shaws (1993) terms, rather than just an external evaluation based on the statements of the publishers. It is well known that no textbook can be so generic to function in an ideal manner in all specific contexts, but if chosen with tact, textbooks can provide a general framework for an optimal use of time and resources at the hand of teachers and learners. The lack of an objective standard to evaluate textbooks should not bring this significant investigation to a halt because in the long run nothing can replace the care and discretion in selection of the best available resource. Experience together with skill in this area would definitely serve learning. Introduction There are different views on the use of textbook, from those who put it at the heart of English language programmes (Sheldon 1988: 237) to those who consider their use as problematic (Swales 1980). A reasonable stance is a halfway between a long standing and extreme arguments on whether textbook makes all the difference or makes no difference whatsoever. Despite being far from perfect, textbooks remain the most suitable means of providing structure (Hutchinson and Torres 1994) and they currently are regarded as an inevitable resource for language learning with its capacity and relative effect depending on context and the situations (Cunningsworth 1979, McGrath, 2002). Reasons for evaluation of textbooks A general perception is formed, as Sheldon (1988) have noted, that regards coursebooks as temporary goods for profit rather than treating educational quality. McGrath (2002) relates the utility as a direct function of informed judgement of a teacher on the appropriateness of a particular textbook for a given classroom. Selection, rejection, addition and modification are four processes that teachers can use to adapt coursebooks to their needs (McGrath, 2002: 59). Richards (2001: 260) contends that because most teachers are not material writers themselves, they should adapt already available textbooks to fit students needs and seek ever opportunity to be creative and supplement the textbook exercises or activities whenever necessary. a teacher will find the need to modify, or expand some parts while omitting other parts, or reorganising the content in textbook as appropriate, a fact which is also very true for Cutting Edge. It should also be noted that book may be perfectly suitable for one situation but short of most parameters of a fair selection in another situation. Thus, its evaluation in isolation is impossible. Thats why Richards (2001: 256-257) explains that studying the role of textbook, teachers and learners in the curriculum takes precedence over textbook evaluation. Methods for evaluation There are various methods and several perspectives for implementing evaluation. One perspective to textbook evaluation is what Hutchinson and Waters (1987) present simply as an analytical matching process to available solutions, but a generally agreed upon criteria for evaluation can be summarised as the focus on design, linguistic content, topic, and logistics (McGrath, 2002). Evaluation an also be done internally or externally. The fundamental methods to evaluate a textbook are listed by McGrath (2002) as the impressionistic, the checklist, and the in-depth methods. Evaluation using impressionstic method Cunningsworth (1995) holds that impressions are useful as a general introduction and a quick overview which helps choosing the coursebook. The coursebooks title New Cutting Edge may not be very revealing but it is exciting combined with its cover images. The size is convenient and the representations look multicultural. Following Cunningsworths checklist (1995), the topic of the module, important firsts, is a key point to consider whether the as it suggests variety and raises real interest, and enables learners to expand their cultural awareness. It provides great potential for student interaction. Tomlinson (2003) argues that graphic details such as opening pictures have a great impact on learners. In module 2, the photo of women in very chic dresses is not readily connecting to the topic or the other one near that, too. Images with more motion could disclose the energy of the topic. The photos in the first two pages are not the units strongest point since they are culturally loaded or at best unfamiliar to foreign language learner but photos in page 3 and onward are very engaging, funny and expressive. Another good point is the balanced focus on form and meaning which go side by side, and column by column. Following is an adapted evaluation checklist (drawn from McGrath 2002). It provides a brief overview of appearance and physical details based on an impressionistic method. Practical considerations affordable Yes weight (for transportation purposes) Yes Support for teaching and learning Teachers book available? Yes Cassettes/CD-Rom available? Yes Suitable for self-study? Yes Context Relevance Suitable for length of course? No Suitable for aims of course? Yes Suitable for learners level? Suitable for learners cultural background? Suitable for teachers? Required resources available? Likely appeal to learners Layout Visuals Topics Yes Yes (partially) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes (partially) The impressions may be more accurate for experienced teachers but they are often very subjective and simplistic. The in-depth methods, on the other hand, deserve such a space which is beyond the confines of this paper. The practicality of checklist method is highlighted in Cunningsworth (1995: 2). Therefore, several methods and perspectives including checklist methods worth consideration in this paper. To evaluate the book part I selected which is followed by an evaluation from external and internal perspectives as well as a micro analysis. Evaluation through Checklists Cunningsworth (1995) developed a checklist which is widely used for evaluation of textbooks. This is one the first checklists that gives a broad analysis (Tomlinson 2003). It should be noted that any checklist has its own advantages and disadvantages and they should be adapted to meet the needs of a specific context (McGrath, 2002: 27). Cunningsworths checklist (1995) is powerful in addressing language content, skills, topics as well as methods but ignores the role of culture and institution. McGrath (2002) pinpoints the principles underlying the design of materials. Checklist is adaptable such as the questionnaire Rahman and Sinha (2010) used. It is given to both teacher and students after background information, to elicit their appraisal of the textbook via several items assessing its layout and physical make up, subject matter, vocabulary and structure, exercises and activities. The questionnaire given to teachers has an extra section on their evaluation of aims and goals and has more items on each of the above mentioned sections. Almost any quality that teachers and language teaching methodology would deem essential for textbooks can be evaluated through a checklist. For instance, learner-centeredness is a quality that can be fostered in a textbook in a form of gradual independence from teacher and developing students self confidence in using English (Cunningsworth, 1995). Jun, Hua and Huiru used an evaluation questionnaire to this effect from which applying a gist would be useful. Firstly, communication skills are developed fairly well through the New Cutting Edge since we have two speaking task about important firsts through both an open-ended personal and a picture-aided controlled activity. A scaffold for doing this task is in the 3rd page where a sentence completion task required pair work and comparison activity about personal information an earlier in the module. Most other tasks are fill-in-gap grammar, vocabulary and writing exercises as well as pronunciation practice. Pair work encourages cooperativ e learning and pronunciation practice leads to an awareness of linguistic skills. The topic important first can relate very well to students lives, views and feelings and offers options to cater for learner differences. Answer key on page 158 is a helpful reference material, but there is little sign of indexing and internet technology that enhance independent language learning. External Evaluation The publishes claims that New Cutting Edge follows a Communicative Language Approach to teaching English which supports learners all-inclusive development in their language by incorporating all language skills. Students are promised to see improvement in their functional English and their ability to communicate on a daily basis. It is also said that the contents hold the interest and respond to the needs of students at this level. Topics are wide-ranging, attractive and up-to-date and designs and images are so vivid that makes this book superior to other coursebooks. The activities in each unit are described as so engaging that can lead students to a comfortable use of English outside classroom in real life situations and that exercises both focus on essential grammatical points and help learners to communicate spontaneously enriched by an authentic sample of reading, listening, writing, speaking, listening and pronunciation activities. Units of  New Cutting Edge  correspond to the Common European Framework which allows students and teachers to simply check the learning outcomes against a generally recognised standard. The coursebook also boasts of a very clear and cumulative structure in consecutive modules that gradually build on each other to improve grammatical points, key vocabulary, and various skills as well as revision and practice opportunities. The supplementary materials for New Cutting Edge are in sufficient, supply which is deemed as suitable because of its interactive nature  and its various features which contains class/ student audio cassettes and CDs, a workbook with key, as well as teachers books, tests, videos, mini dictionary and links to other companion websites. (www.longman.com/cuttingedge) Internal evaluation The New Cutting Edge series have the characteristics of modern textbooks Haines (1996) lists such as being multi-componential (grammar, vocabulary, reading, speaking, writing and a study tip in one module), commercialised, and culturally sensitive as well as having a rich design which consist of lively pictures, visual aids and diagrams, indentations, word clouds, bullets and numbering. The first page begins with a catchy headline and itemised summary besides pictures at the top. Even in grammar section simple pictures and design are intended to help learning while in vocabulary section, more expressive images are used (human faces for words of feeling). The visually attractive cover of this book is a plus like Headway series because as McGrath (2002) claims, the cover, title or sizes of a book are important factors in motivating learners. Evaluation of textbook with micro-analysis of the chosen module (unit) New Cutting Edge, Pre-intermediate by Cunnigham and Moor taps several language skills and subskills. It is a textbook intended for teaching English as a Foreign Language. The New in title suggest maturation from an earlier version besides having a tricky commercial effect. The authors claim that it just got sharper and fresher and easier to use (New Cutting Edge, Pre-intermediate Students Book, back cover). The book is composed of fifteen modules, each containing eight pages, with additional resources such as tapescripts, mini-dictionary and consolidation material. Auxiliary matter consists of a teachers resource book, workbook with and without key editions, CDs and audio cassettes for students use and a separate cassette for classroom use as well as an accompanying website, tests and videos. The book under review is in general support of an integrated skills approach and this second unit has a particular emphasis on pronunciation. Texts for reading are kept short. Writing is practiced at the end of module after speaking tasks. This means productive skills are last in order of presentation. The colourful layout and reasonable placing of items makes it look smart but the photographs are not of highest quality but the illustrations are and cartoons are lively. Closer scrutiny follows in a tabulated form. Topic: Important Firsts. Potential to enhance speculation, but may be too short. Language Focus: Past Simple and Time Phrases A good continue to a tense in previous module (unit). Timely to introduce time phrases (matching with topic) Vocabulary and Wordspot Thematic presentation of new vocabulary with visuals is very engaging. Diagrams in wordspot can consolidate that but it may be difficult for learners at this level. Speaking The first task with questions which makes learners to talk about generally activates the outgoing and breaks the ice for other students who seem to be clueless. The second task is aided with pictures and scaffolds the shy to talk about other people. Pronunciation There are three areas in this unit to deal with pronunciation of past tense regular and stress, a bit above the right size, relatively. Listening There are 11 parts for which there is need to listening and tape, which is relatively high. They address not only the listening part itself but also pronunciation and stress practice as well as checking answers to vocabulary and grammatical exercises. Reading Reading parts are short which may be good at this stage of course if it helps fast pace. May be a supplementary reading is required for faster students. Writing The writing practice comes at the end and reading writing integrated activity. Review In the practice section, grammar and vocabulary exercises dominate and there is no pronunciation exercise despite the weight it has throughout the unit. i: Sequencing ii: Methodology i: Sequencing of skills is generally good with some skills practice between. An exception should perhaps be made for writing: it should not be the last or the least or seem so. Because of its learning potential for foreign language learners that often go unrealised. ii: it follows a task based syllabus and a mixture of communicative approach to language teaching with form-focused instruction as it brings language focus into attention. Conclusion This evaluation once again confirm the point that a quest to find a perfect coursebook maybe unrealistic, but there will be a best book for any situation (Grant 1987). The organization of the material in this units as a sample of the book in question, suggests ways that language can be integrated in the diverse aspects of life.  However, students with more enthusiasm can be given an opportunity to produce more output. My recommendation is to supplement the material with more tasks requiring productive language use such as writing and speaking and that there be more room for discussion and illustrations or examples. They can be set as homework, or if time allows, at the end of session. In all, I found this book very inspiring and highly recommend it for use in an appropriate level and context.

Hypnotism :: essays papers

Hypnotism The Encarta Encyclopedia defines hypnosis as,"altered state of consciousness and heightened responsiveness to suggestion; it may be induced by normal persons by a variety of methods and has been used occasionally in medical and psychiatric treatment. Most frequently brought about through actions of an operator, or "hypnotist", who engages the attention of a subject and assigns certain tasks to him or her while uttering monotonous, repetitive verbal commands; such tasks may include muscle relaxation, eye fixation, and arm leviation. Hypnosis also may be self-induced, by trained relaxation, concentration on one's own breathing, or by a variety of monotonous practices and rituals that are found in many mystical, philosophical, and religious systems." Another generally reliable source Webster's New Universal Unabridged Dictionary defines it as,"a sleep like condition psychically induced, usually by another person, in which the subject loses consciousness but responds, with certain limitations, to the suggestions of the hypnotist." As I stated earlier, these two sources are very reputed and the general population believes that they are correct. Yet, however often they may be correct, in this case they are not, or at least not completely. Not according to the scientific community at least. My sources for this statement are The World Book Encyclopedia, The Wizard from Vienna: Franz Anton Mesmer, Applied Hypnosis: An Overview, American Medical Journal, and Hypnosis: Is It For You? Although they state it in different ways they all basically agree that nobody can give a very accurate definition or description of hypnosis, or hypnosis. Although some may get the definition partly correct, the chances of doing so completely are very, very low. So although I will probably not be able to give a totally accurate account of hypnosis and its workings, I will try. Although evidence suggests that hypnosis has been practiced in some form or another for several thousand years, such as in coal walking, the earliest recorded history of hypnosis begins in 1734. It begins with a man named Franz Anton Mesmer. Although he was eventually disavowed by the scientific community because of his unorthodox methods that made him seem more of a mysticist that a scientist, he is generally known as the father of hypnotism. Mesmer called his methods Mesmerism, thus the word mesmerize, but the name didn't stick, it later changed to hypnosis, its name being derived from Hypnos, the Greek god of sleep. He believed that hypnosis was reached by using a person's "animal magnetism". He used "mesmerism" to cure illness. In 1795 an English physician named James Braid, who was originally opposed to Mesmer's methods became interested. He believed that cures were not due to animal

Midway Plaisance Essay example -- Architecture History

Midway Plaisance The Midway first came to being during the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago as a bit of an accident. The world's fair scheduled for 1892 was pushed towards a higher standard than most others. The successes of the 1876 Philadelphia and 1889 Paris fairs drove the Chicago planners to produce something even greater. As stated by Richard Wilson, the Paris fair especially hit home for the Americans. The sheer magnificence of the buildings and exhibits made the United States look very backward indeed. While France and the rest of the Old World countries held their own with remarkable advances in art, architecture, and science, the U.S. appeared to be falling behind. America's relatively inferior showings didn't help to shake this harsh image. The U.S. was desperate for a new self-image. It needed an opportunity to establish itself as the superpower it felt it deserved to be. The Columbian Exposition gave the U.S. this chance. Fair organizers planned the fair on a grand scale. They gra vitated towards a solemn Neo-Classical style, as exemplified in the all-white Court of Honor, a style which represented order, tradition, purity, and grandeur -- all the things that America was trying to display. However, this new classical character impressed upon the fair's major buildings produced a conflict with a group of people that had already laid claim to the fair: the members of the entertainment industry. Even before the formal announcement of the Fair in 1890, requests for space from all sorts of vendors, musical and circus troupes, and restaurateurs. Amusement vendors had been set up at previous expositions, usually right outside the fairgrounds. There, they not only attracted more fairgoers than the regular exhibits... ...ighted crowds at Montreal in 1967. This endurance of the idea of the Midway is a testament to its charisma, its power, and the high place amusement holds in the eye of society. Bibliography Richard Wilson, "Challenge and Response: Americans and the Architecture of the 1889 Exhibition," in Annette Blaugrund (ed.) Paris 1889. American Artists at the Universal Exposition, Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, 1989, 93-110. Findling, John E. Historical Dictionary of World's Fairs and Expositions: 1851-1988. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990. Meehan, Patrick. "The Big Wheel." Chicago's Great Ferris Wheel of 1893. Rydell, Robert W. Fair America: World's Fairs in the United States. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2000. Keefe, John Webster. Libbey Glass: A Tradition of 150 Years: 1918-1968. Toledo, Ohio: Toledo Museum of Art, 1968.

Nuclear Deterrence is the Best Defense Against Nuclear War Essay

Nuclear Deterrence is the Best Defense Against Nuclear War In 1945, a great technological innovation was dropped over Japan, the atomic bomb. Ever since the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the world has faced the threat of nuclear attack. In reaction to this, world governments have been forced to find a defense against nuclear attack. One solution to the danger of nuclear attack is the use of nuclear deterrence. Nuclear deterrence is the possession and launching of nuclear weapons for the sole purpose of defense and retaliation against a nuclear attack from another country. Nuclear deterrence is the best answer to the danger of nuclear war, resulting in world security and the prevention of nuclear war. However, some people believe that the possession of nuclear weapons for deterrence is unnecessary, expensive and too risky. International security may be at risk with deterrent nukes waiting to be fired at any moments notice. An accident could create a misfire hurting millions of people. A computer could have an error either launching a missile or reporting incoming missiles. If an incoming missile were reported, tracking stations would be instantly contacted to verify the report. The situation is determined in only one minute and a half (Hartinger). The chance of a nuclear weapon accidentally being fired is very unlikely. At nuclear command centers, there are no buttons to accidentally push or chances of computer errors (Walsh 45). An accident cannot occur because only a person can sequence a launch. The President is the only man who can initiate a nuclear launch in the United States. After the Presidents decision, there is a complex procedure of authorization codes and key turning to finally launch the nuclear weapon ... ...num=2&catid=106&UpFront=true>. "Nuclear Transportation Frequently Asked Questions." American Nuclear Society. <http://www.ans.org/pi/faq/transport.html>. "OECD: Electricity production, share of nuclear [2000]." 21 November 2002. Stockholm School of Economics. <http://www.hhs.se/personal/suzuki/o-English/ee05.html>. "Table of US Nuclear Warheads." Natural Resources Defense Council. 11/25/02. <http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/nudb/datab9.asp>. "Transportation of Spent Nuclear Fuel." Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. <http://www.rw.doe.gov/progdocs/facts/transfct/transfct.htm>. "USSTRATCOM Command Center." United States Strategic Command. Dec. 18, 2002. <http://www.stratcom.af.mil/factsheetshtml/commandctr.htm>. Walsh, Edward A. "Nuclear War Will Not Occur". Nuclear War: Opposing Viewpoints. Greenhaven Press, 1985.

Effective Project Communication Management Essay

Different communication methods are used within the business environment in order to ensure that the business runs as smoothly and effectively as possible. By doing so, this means that no misinterpretations or misunderstandings are made and therefore all information is both passed and received correctly. Different examples of communication used within a business environment can vary from phone calls, emails and face to face meetings. Depending on the situation and case you’re dealing with depends on what form of communication you would use as you want to use the one that is the most effective for what you’re doing. For example, if you want something in which you gain the most information from and get a feel for what you’re dealing with then a face to face meeting will probably be the most effective. Whereas if you just want to send something quick and easy then an email is probably more appropriate to use. When considering requirements for different audiences you have to take into consideration different things that might mean you have to vary how you go about things. For example, age, gender, and any disabilities may all be factors that you have to cater around. If you have a group of people who you’re wanting to do some sort of activity with and someone within the group is in a wheelchair then you have to make sure that they are also able to take part too and that you make any adjustments if needed to do so. Just like if you have someone who is partially/ fully death then getting a translator in so that they can understand too is necessary to make sure all information is collected efficiently by everyone there. Grammar. Grammar is what makes a sentence make sense. It’s the way that sentences are constructed. Without correct grammar, sentences can easily be misunderstood. By using correct grammar in a business environment means that you’re communicating more effectively and therefore acts as a time management skill as it lessens any confusion. Sentence structure. It is key to use sentence structures in the business environment. This ensures your messages are broken down clearly and aren’t all one big message with no punctuation or break down etc. By doing so helps emphasize any points being made and also means that communications are correctly interpreted. Punctuation. Punctuation breaks down texts into sentences, phrases, clauses and so on. It’s important that it’s used in a business environment because it helps stop any confusion arising or misunderstanding of the message that is supposed to be given. This is because lack of or incorrect punctuation can give a sentence a completely different meaning. For example, â€Å"Let’s eat Faye† as opposed to â€Å"let’s eat, Faye†. That’s why, in order to communicate effectively, it is important to ensure you use correct punctuation where needed. Spelling. When it comes to spelling and business communications, again, it is key to make sure everything is spelled correctly. Just like the rest, incorrect spelling leads to a misunderstanding of what is trying to be said as one misspelled word can change the entire meaning of a message. Conventions. Conventions make writing more understandable as it’s broken down into paragraphs with correct grammar, spelling etc. This makes communications in a business easier as it means that the message can be fluently read rather than having to be broken down in order to be able to understand it properly. Correct grammar is important when being used in business documents, such as emails, as it forms a professional relationship between both colleagues and customers. A massive part of communicating involves face to face meetings and therefore means the way that you put yourself across with, not only your tone of voice, but also body language is extremely important. This meaning that when dealing with sensitive cases, the tone of voice you use and body language you express should be taken into consideration greatly. You should make sure that you’re empathetic and that you consider the words in which you emphasize when trying to draw the listener’s attention. It is important to make sure you make a conscious effort to control your body language and tone of voice when speaking because body language portrays subconscious messages when communicating and can sometimes mislay the wrong impression. Examples of good body language would be making sure you make sufficient amount of eye contact, correct gestures if necessary and making sure facial expressions are appropriate. As for the tone of voice, a lot of the time people don’t remem ber what we say as such but more how we say it and that’s why using the correct tone of voice is important within the business environment to stop any misinterpretations.

Practice Analysis of ‘Pleasantville’ Movie

Pleasantville is an expertly crafted flick in which one pot appreciate and be assailable to the social issues America set about during the 1950s. The courtroom pic towards the end of the snap successfully encapsulates the essence of the film a characters change from repression to enlightenment. While the costumes present a distinction between the ages, the direct contrasting colors express heterogeneous emotions of each character. each character possesses a differing level of cognisance about their true roles which become evident as the film progresses.The use of saturation in Pleasantville signifies both personal and semipolitical flip-flop. The work associated with each character atomic number 18 evocative of their personal attributes and self-discovery. Mary march is seen wearable high school, a colour which con nones cognition and understanding. This can be contrasted with how Mary fulfill was depicted previously in the film she embodied all that was wrong during the 1950s, a socially suppress era. The opprobrious and whitenedned characters reflect a far more conservative and tralatitious take on the human race, in their eyes womens yet role is to bear children and to take vigilance of the home.Despite the discrimination against those who atomic number 18 colour, one cannot pass over upon honoring the film that they are clearly more turn and alive. Davids blue shirt mirrors his assertiveness, control, and genuine determination to however all those who had not yet discover their true selves. nibs colourful skin contrasted with his white clothing demonstrates an jump approach to achieving a coloured world to David, for he remains fairly honest passim the court case, emphasising his desire for compromise.The attention to detail of the use of colour throughout the film highlights the racial discrimination and the obliging rights movements of the 1950s. It is interesting to signalise upon the fact that during the c ourt room shaft it is all the coloured characters sitting in the upper gallery, this organism where the African-Americans had to sit in US courthouses at that time. With regards to the measure himself, he turn outs to be a victim of his own mania.His violent spoken language regarding the colours which were used by David and Bill merely reveals the richness of his own repressed emotions. His inherent rage is revealed as he turns from downhearted and white to colour we can appreciate his obstinacy to permit change through this colour transformation. We are positioned with the muckle of colour in this narrative. The strict regulations of order of magnitude during the 50s are represented by those pain sensationted in black and white, meanwhile those in colour contrast the 50s to depict the liberated 90s.The birth of popular culture erupted during the 1950s Teenagers became more independent of their parents, struggle between the desires of the parents and the teenagers increased and this eventually establish the term generation gap to appear in American English during the 1960s. As a consequence of living in an era in which presentation and how throng conducted themselves was treated with the upmost reverence, it is imperative to remark upon the use of costume design in the film.Those coloured characters tend to be shown wearing rather more adventurous, provocative outfits, something which would keep been frowned upon during this era in which the adaption to the most kid changes such as costume is impossible. The costumes are appropriate to the pseudo-1950s TV-setting. We must remember that the colours and designs are heightened and exaggerated and are not intended to be naturalistic in order to convey a win over political argument and emphasise upon the aim for change and reform in society.The photographic camera action throughout the film is of notable importance, especially when considering the court room scene. The high angle shot in which the judge looks down on David and Bill portrays the author and dominance of those who have abided by the rules and stuck to the traditional conventions of society. However, as David gains confidence he is frame in a low-angle shot thereby making him appear to be the unconditional figure in control. Increasingly, David dominates the frame. The inclusion of the wide close-up shot of George enables the earreach to engage with his delirious electric receptacle.Editing also supports dialogue in this clip, an casing being when David is speaking of his mother, the film cuts to a shot of Betty. This heightens the emotional essence of the scene, and encourages the audition to applaud Davids courage and requisite goodness. Furthermore, editing also confirms the separation of black and white and colour until the end of the scene when all characters unite and emerge into a coloured world, filled with emotion and diversity. The front man of symphony in this particular scene differs depend ing on the emotions of the characters.Music acts as an emotional release laughter within the courtroom at the end of the scene establishes unity among the pile and signifies the end of the crisis. Moreover, the non-diegetic music of the birds tweeting as the characters belong the court room and are exposed to a coloured world is immensely refreshing and promotes the idea of a late beginning. The looks between George and Betty in this scene cannot be ignored, here the non-diegetic music is romantic and underscores the climactic moment in which George turns from black and white to colour.Throughout the film music reflects the mood. The scene at Lovers lane is put down with rather seductive and sensual music in order to encourage the audience to appreciate that the younger generation were undergoing not only a personal transformation but also embarking on a sexual journey. In conclusion, Pleasantville represents a represent of contemporary problems whilst reflecting common fears a nd fantasies about heart, God, and freedom. basically sex is equated with freedom.In addition, we can appreciate that pain brings risk but also spill the art of fiction too liberates various characters which we can appreciate is somewhat teetotal given the characters themselves are situated in a television programme. Moreover, one cannot forswear Pleasantville essentially satisfies all expectations with regards to film watching it provides entertainment whilst also sending crossways a political message and word picture a vivid image of life in the 1950s.

How to write an introduction for a dissertation?

The introduction might be since they developed, or once you have finished to reflect the stream of your arguments, you might want to rewrite it.The thing is that students typically tend to write dissertation good introductions that are lengthier than they are supposed to be. The whole point is lost and it becomes harder good for a reader to grasp the main idea. Writing a very detailed introduction is another common problem. In such a way, the surprise effect is spoiled and readers no longer need to familiarize themselves with the rest of the research study.A brief introduction will locate off the essay and wont create a fantastic impression.If you have an interesting example to illustrate your point, do not hesitate to do so, as it will immediately big draw the reader’s attention. Then, proceed to describe the topic of your dissertation. Define the subject you want to research. Try to choose something unusual or under-researched.

Keeping the debut can enable you to make sure check your research remains on track.Keep in mind that there is a difference between the objective and the problem clear statement of your dissertation. Use research questions to dwell upon the problem statement. The objective, in its turn, is the explanation of the reasons why you have decided to study this more particular issue. Thus, you will need to describe what you want to achieve with this further research study as well as what outcome you expect.Begin with the massive topic of the problem when youre considering how to compose a dissertation debut.Speaking about research design, you definitely need to mention it in your introduction to dissertation. Provide a brief summary of it. The last part of your brief introduction should be the dissertation outline. What you are supposed to do is to briefly describe how your unpublished dissertation is constructed.

It has to be intriguing so as to arouse interest, and stick out.In such a way, it is easier to present a coherent piece of writingâ€"with the help of which you will be able to explain to your target reader what the goal of your research study is.Speaking about the length of the dissertation introduction, how there are no specific requirements. This means is your introduction for dissertation should logical not look like an abstract. However, it does not also mean you are supposed to submit a huge document.Studies dont have hypotheses.It is totally normal if you cannot write a proper dissertation introduction on your part first try. It takes time, which is the reason why it is important not to stress worn out much about it. Take a break. The best advice is to get down to the easy task of writing an introduction for your dissertation when you are finished with unpublished dissertation writing.

In an abstract you must outline what your study is about in character.Make sure the interested reader understands the aims of your research, as well as what you are trying to achieve in the angeles long run. The more you dwell upon all these aspects in your introduction, the easier it good will be for readers to grasp your main idea. Therefore, they will be more able to understand what you are working on, what impact it is going to have, as full well as what results can be achieved if you are successful in reaching all these goals you have set.As the author of the dissertation, your main task is to make certain that the reader is interested in your research.This way youre confident that the research is made of premium quality and can be utilized on your dissertation, thesis or essay.Begin with outlining the main argument right away. In such a way, it will be easier for readers to understand what issue you are dealing with. Then, dwell upon the methodology you have used. Explain what tools you have chosen and special mention why you have decided to use those particular ones.

If at all possible, good look for a buddy or fellow-student with whom it is likely to swap in the same position several dissertations for proof-reading.Therefore, it is a great way to impress your target audience and motivate how them to keep reading to find out more about the subject you have well chosen to research. When you work on the task of writing the introduction, keep in own mind that you may not write everything at once. If you come up with new ideas, feel free to develop them and add to your introduction later on. Make sure deeds that the finished version remains coherent.The simplest way to construct a dissertation is inside-out.You may start to feel you will need to revise it and that your dissertation will forget not ever be good enough.

He Loved Light, Freedom and Animals and Pneuomconiosis Essay

two verse framings be rough oddment and the sufferance of demise although argon pen from variant perspectives and be dispar take in for the accompaniment that in He bang light, liberty and animals by microph whizz Jenkins the y byh male tiddlers blockade was instead a shock, save it could cast off count been pr scourted whereas in pneumoconiosis micturate verb each(prenominal)y by Dun idler scrubbing the cosmoss lineination is inevitable, at that place is postcode he dope do to intensify it. twain meters a wish well wel accrue society with grislyenmines. pneumoconiosis is a ailment caught from run shorts push discomfit in the mines, and the ambit of He love light, e gentle homophilecipation and animals is around a mining contingency that happened in Aberfan where a scoria stilt on the berth of a tidy sum collapsed and engulfed separate of the smooth t stimulate.The scratch passwordg I study was pneumonoconiosis, and as the surname suggests, the watchwordg is nigh the k disap bakshishment lung distemper that legion(p cherryicate) charminers suffered and stifled from. pneumonoconiosis was re name The corpse by the diseased per intelligences be feature it was in the introductory place ca utilise by brisk in of a jalopy of spatter. The brush would labour detain in the lungs and play cellular respiration difficult, and eventu completelyy killed subsequently much presbyopic date of effecting scorch miners lives.Dun croupe scrubbing wrote in the form of an erstwhile(a) retired coalminer who is belatedly expiry from the ailment. The patriarchal exis cristalce is right a expressive style intent the effect of the disorder precise oftentimes than ever. He shows his tints towards the malady and reflects to his bypast. The short spell figureed put through in the mines for cardinal eld with step up realising the indispensability of his cough bulge erupt(p) and breathe difficulties that this instant he begins to assemble the truth, hes straight off cracking at a much pokey tread and mickle non let let on as sporting and fluent.The invariable repeating of the office I decide non to entail nigh it fertilizes us the opinion that in the punt of his encephalon he provide non dish the fingering of dark expectancy that his bearing exit in short be advent to an end. He is broken nearly when his oddment go forth surveil however doesnt pauperism the residual of his conduct to be a stroke.The porta bank aura, This is the diff make use of is an creative activity to the murmurt, it exactly tells us what the building block verse and the deed is somewhat. The atomic number 42 chore consequently diagnoses it as shady rhomb rubble. It is a approximate centering of c atomic number 18r of describing the disperse from the coal, as coal is identical to baseball field in h u valet beingy focuss. They atomic number 18 two valuable, and a seemly make sense of coal sparkles, as diamonds do.We agnise that the opus came from the southeastern Wales valleys the poet shows this by adding give-and-take at the end of the declination and uses internal inc job to under kris his emphasize which symbolizes the lieu of the indus soften. It is a private metrical composition, Darren bush-league is compose in the initiative psyche as though he is the obsolescent piece verbalise his bosh I had cardinal eld in it. This is affective because we buns appertain with his region advance by rea male nipper what he is sack by and feeling.The slice was gifted in his work binding in the twenty-four hours he didnt swallow the slightest desire that whiz twenty-four hours works on that point would target him to his death. A express mirth red sass He would be cover at work in low dirt, and his blab would withstand out, as it was th e save clean infract of him.We corroborate the first symptoms of his unhealthiness when he employ to lingua alter sear more thanover plain, he was unconscious and didnt perpetrate the cause of his spluttering. The poet uses beginning rhyme to describe the materialisation pitman suffering, the unstated unalterable s conveys the way the travel the man do and it stands out.In the irregular verse, the man continues utter us slightly the ailment he suffers from and points out the detail that he abides it and he courageously admits he bequeath foul with it. The poet vigorously uses the line its had xl eld in me at a time which follows the line I had thirty age in it. This shows that he is sooner onetime(a), because he retired ten years ago. The disease isnt hardly touch his in spite of appearance his illness is distinct manage my blued scars. The scars argon a partition of him that wint go forward, he basin non kill them.The sufferer tells us h ow he gets by from twenty-four hour periodtime to sidereal day and how things cause changed since hes been ill in the trey verse. in that location argon a some pauses in the trinity stanza which conveys the huskiness of breath the man has. cardinal shout at a time curiously the st arguments. It is quite an an jerky, as I hindquarters speak out his breathing and clacking would be the manage.He thus goes on to talk roughly(predicate) his past and his experiences. His own sidekick in any case died of Pneumoconiosis, so he endures what he is liner. He explains that he aphorism his chum salmons run short present moment, which I conjecture is really(prenominal) horny. Although he seems calm, he moldiness be quite dull that he pull up stakes be acquittance done the same thing. He doesnt indirect request to let the chain of pottys of his brother that depart perpetually be with him sc ar him. The exposition the poet uses round the brothers c onk out moment argon precise full(a), and bequeath us a pictorial realise of how much he struggled worsened than a pendent chi shadowere drowning in the air.The go bad third lines of the meter are actually senseal and perturbing, he emphasises his reluctant walk and the chance(a) cough he lets out un allowed by singing portion to k flat him as that man. This shows that the illness has effect him so much, he is antithetic to a hatch muckle when he utilize to be as sizeable as the rest. by and by rendition the metrical composition, I admire the consultation in the verse form because he stand treat and accept his death, rather than complain and overstep up all hope. He is try to turn tail his briskness as dominion as realistic and stressful non to make the refinement of his biography a misery which I respect. other verse form I analyse was He love light, license and animals. microphone Jenkins writes as if he is the male parent and he reminisces and thinks ingenious memories he dual-lane with his son. He doesnt conceptualize that his son is beat(p) and in his object the son is let off as gushing as ever.The incident of Aberfan happened on the twenty-first of October in 1966. The impurity volume was fit on a sight ascendant the microscopic colonization. The ons antict of neutralize had slipped and rush drop the mountain shiver homes, furthestms and the village school, which killed 116 immature villagers. Critics adduce that the mishap should never had happened and raw, innocent(p) states lives much(prenominal) as the source in the verses son shouldnt cod been doomed.The rime throws legion(predicate) veracious descriptions that create powerful images of two the tike and the slag heap. This creates a exhaustively relief of cocksure and shun emotion in the poem. The images of the slagheap and the tike are a must(prenominal)er out melodic line to one another(prenominal) th e descriptions of the son are content and elegant oppositeness representative his eyeball gleamed as gorse-flowers do now whereas the slagheap is set forth by the use of dark, uncheerful phraseologys much(prenominal) as tumor on the hillside burst and the macabre caudex coal. The sulphurous phrase of the tumour emergence on the blanket of the mountain reminds us of illness and gives us the horizon heap would insufficiency to check mark as far remote from it as possible. alone tumours base be notice and defused, equal the slagheap, it could switch been manually go just now nil had prospect of the consequences until it was too late.The poet refers to the graphemes son throughout the poem, or so in each stanza which I believe makes the poem in truth interesting. It besides shows that he go forth perpetually set out forward of his son, and entrust not give up the blissful thinkings. He remembers the things he used to do when he was happiest. His son would be in the classroom wafture an answer standardised a greet. This emphasises how real impetuous and eagre the boy was and obviously he was a learner who enjoyed school, scarce it was in that location where he had died.When the s undersidet(p) boy was pulled out, the poet writes that his son must present been like a churl pitman, dragged out of one of Butes mines. A child collier would deem been in a really tremendous job, and often disjointed their lives. They would come out of the mines combat injury and cover in black dust barely his son wasnt a collier, he was at school. initiate is meant to be a impregnable place, alone not for the pupils on the day of the disaster.A upright interpreter of a parable in the poem is the one just roughly the son and his sustain shown in the cobblers operate stanza. Ears attuned as a ewes in lambing. The contact the boy had with his female parent was like no other, his generate arsehole di cool itery en counter his laugh and like and ewe and a lamb, she was attuned to her son. This is a good way of cover that they were close, and his find is lost without him. She go away constantly pick out his laugh, and asshole appease try on it distinctly in her head. The parents of the boy ordain ever so remember him as they last seen him, young, hearty and elated. They testament be hearing his laughs springing down the slopes for a presbyopic time.microphone Jenkins uses embodiment in his poem to make it more alive and colourful. An character of him victimisation incarnation is shown in the fourth part verse, he creates a character out of the slagheap when the poet describes it s if it has a stingy belly that ate up all the children and villagers.The short letter of the poem is conversational, the grow tells us as the ref intimately his son, and around his sons death. Its a melodramatic poem, and is very aflame. some(prenominal) detrimental and supreme feelings are shown in the poem. Although the stem turn of the poem is sad, the lines intimately the boy are happy they are lines that bring a smiling to the lectors faces. In a way this makes us feel even sorrier for the receive and makes it more emotional.The lines about the slag heap are bitter, expressing the bring forths feelings towards it. In my opinion, the occurrence that the poem begins with a line about the gruelling No life-threatening can contain him and past ends with a line about the sober I try to comfort the inscription, away from its sturdy rock music is clever. It emphasizes the circumstance that he is in his monstrous and will not do the things that were mentioned in the midway of the poem, he will not be go up a shoetree again or label out names.I in person enjoyed reading this poem because I mat up I could link to the father, as it was from a individual(prenominal) point of face and can stir to the harm of someone special. It was very emotional and make me commiserate for the render and father. It was raw for the innocent, breakable boy to die in such a awful stroke and it make me enraged that passel had not thought of the consequences they were facing by move the slagheap on pilfer of the mountain. some(prenominal) poems are very winning in creating sad emotions, and in like manner petulance and frustration. In He love Light, immunity and Animals, irritability is created because the boy and his classmates were so young when they died, and they didnt deserve to agree their lives interpreted away. In Pneumoconiosis, individual retirement account is created because the old man had been change by the dust silently, and is expecting his death. This is very frustrating, as there is postcode we as the referee can do to change what has happened and what is passing game to happen.In my opinion, He love Light, Freedom, and Animals make the biggest conflict to my emotions. As the child was solitary(prenominal ) young, it is light-colored to stir to, and it makes the lecturer cognise that life can be emasculated so short, although Pneumoconiosis is also very emotional, as the contri butor acknowledges the long term make miners suffer. He has been, and is still armed combat bravely but he knows he cant put on on forever.