Disaster Prediction Problems Essay Example

Disaster Prediction Problems Essay Taking this into consideration the government took a step by launching the first government text message system in who ICC weather and disaster situations, government programs and news advisories are contained. Lawyer Jose Baby stated that it would be up to the Philippine Information Agency force multipliers(2012) in the regions to further spread the text messages to the rest of the public in their respective areas. This means that the speed on how to inform people is affected by the number of people who send their messages to other. Mobile Phone Application for Disaster rapidness Information plays a vital role in disaster preparedness, specific details and information about those things that are being related to disasters may help to improve disaster response effectiveness and efficiency. Raymond Libido of Department of Science and Technology project director for NOAH ( Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards) said When it comes to getting and accessing information, there is nothing more ubiquitous than the mobile phone,(2012) because, mobile phones can be accessed everywhere and most people have them. Using sensors, rain gauges, and weather monitoring systems installed by the government in various parts of the country, the application will provide information on rainfall probability over the next 1-4 hours in 200 sites, real-time information on water levels, and an overview of which areas are affected by rain and humidity. While this information is already available on the NOAH website, the mobile app accelerates the speed by which users can access this information. We will write a custom essay sample on Disaster Prediction Problems specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Disaster Prediction Problems specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Disaster Prediction Problems specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Raymond Libido said. Future enhancements include incorporating a flood forecasting system. This will really help us give advance warning to residents of flood- Rene areas [and] if there is a need to evacuate, said Vic Nolan, acting deputy administrator of PAGES. According to the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, the Philippines with its typhoons, floods, droughts, volcanoes, earthquakes and landslides, and home to over 1 00 million people is the most disaster prone country in the world. Users can access Tweets sent out by PAGES (Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services) as text messages to any mobile phone. The user can access the Information they needed and as inform and to prepare themselves for their safeness. Text Fire Philippines Personalized communication channels helps to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of fire response. With the formation of Text Fire Philippines and it given a dedicated radio frequency, fire volunteers will be informed much well and response speed will improved. The TEXTURE PHILIPPINES FOUNDATION, INC. Is a non-profit organization that helps disseminate fire alerts, alarms, and information thru an SMS Dispatcher Server. Chug stated TXT FIRE (+ 63-918-6-888-888) is a short messaging system (SMS) Dispatch Server whose primary task is to inform people especially responders the information regarding fire incidents. The Information such as Location, Time and Status of Fire is also specified,, the new VHF frequency is 1 57/50 MACH. Mr.. Gerry Chug, Founder and President of TEXTURE PHILIPPINE FOUNDATION, INC. , , a. K. A. Mr.. Be was very fond of testing. He loves to foamed text jokes and news to his friends and relatives. Since Mr.. Chug is a fireman himself, he decided to might as well text to his friends where the fire is. Until later, a friend called him and asked him not to send these messages as they were just disturbing him. Mr.. Chug being a busy man forgot to erase his name on the roof text Until one day his friend approached him, and said thank you. Thank you because if not for the text of Mr.. Chug, he would not know that there was a fire at back of his house. His friend at that time was in the market and his kids were still at home sleeping. So then did Mr.. Chug decide to make this bigger, better, and faster! Today our TEXTURE SMS System Dispatcher has more than 1 70,000 members nationwide. Mr.. Chug as he always say NAG AMALGAM IMAGINATION TOYOTA AS TAO to also add is his famous quote DO GOOD DEEDS Communicating for effective fire response is the best way to respond faster. Normally security system offered in market is fully wired system. In practical, it IS not convenient for a home to apply this wired security system as more than one sensor will be used. In consideration, the wire system is more reliable than wireless system as it is easy to troubleshoot and better performance in speed. As current need in activating the system, higher power consumption cannot be avoid if system used is fully function using direct electric supply. In result the cost of system application is higher in cost. Application of security system for home do not mean anything if the user not alert when sensors triggered. Basic security system implementation only allowing the user alerted if they are still inside the house. As they are away from home, the security system installed becomes less helpful as no person will be alerted. Alerting system via SMS is proposed in this project for user notification in real time as the intrusion occurs. Emergency SMS app for Barings (Bills Canyon) AN SMS or text messaging application designed to help barraging officials and their communities during emergencies won the top prize at a recent Hackett organized by the Smart Developer Network (Smartened), the pullover community program of Smart Communications, Inc. , (Smart) and mobile content startup Whipcord Labs. Bills Canyon, developed by IT professionals Allan Danes and Erwin Quaint of Team 98, was judged the best among the 10 SMS APS created on the spot during the SMS. API (feed) Hackett. Each team worked on an app using the Whipcord SMS API, a new and free platform that allows developers and even Nan-techies to quickly and easily launch SMS-based APS. Whipcord Labs developed the API with the technical guidance of Smartened. API, which stands for application arrogating interface, is a set of tools and protocols for creating software APS. Whipcord SMS API simplifies app development by virtually removing most of the hard coding part of the process. Users can skip the codes which take weeks or even months to program. The platform also allows developers to readily launch SMS services to the more than 70 million subscribers of Smart, Talk N Text, and Sun Cellular. Whipcord SMS API does the heavy lifting. It would have taken us one week to finish Bills Canyon instead of just five hours if not for this API, Quaint said. As a platform for incident-reporting Bills Canyon is designed as a quick-response tool for barraging leaders and their community. Ordinary citizens can use this app to alert or request help from barraging officials during emergencies or calamities. Whipcord SMS API allows you to create SMS-based APS quickly and deploy them immediately. The Whipcord SMS API platform is part of a bigger initiative Smarts Partner API Program which encourages traditional mobile content providers to expand into the API space and provide their capabilities to third-party developers. Expect more API services and educational events resulting from this program, said Jim Season. As testing manually can make us hustle and for long time message typing, the only way to make things more faster is to came up with automatic text messaging which is less hustle and be more faster to consume less time and response to that scene in a right time. Local Journalists in the Philippines use SMS to Get Information to Their Communities Local journalists in the Philippines are posting news and information on environmental issues and communicating with disaster- affected communities using an innovative new SMS-based reporting platform called Environs. The platform was launched by the Philippine Network of Environmental Journalists with support from Internees Earth Journalism Network (JEAN). Environs allows local journalists to text tips and reports into the system. Verified information is then reviewed and posted by a pool of editors to environs. H, and finally pushed out to social media platforms that include Twitter and Backbone. The Philippines, a low lying small country of more than 96 million people, is at the doorstep of climate change, enduring typhoons, severe drought, floods, and coastal erosion on a regular basis. Using SMS reporting, journalists can reach audiences ranging from isolated alleges to government agencies more quickly during and after a typhoon or other disaster, to share information such as flood warnings or to locate areas where rescue teams are most needed. Ding Balboa of Vulcan Journalist said, When disaster strikes, we want to get and deliver information as fast as we can. We want to give vital information and alerts on weather condition or flooded areas to local communities. It is a powerful reporting system especially in a disaster-prone country like the Philippines. With the launch of the SMS-based collaborative journalism platform local journalists are now able to communicate and produce stories, even in the most remote regions, using SMS. The system also empowers local citizens who are eager to have an outlet to report and find solutions to the pressing environmental problems affecting their country. The project relies on Frostiness, a free and open- source tool that enables journalists to rapidly share information through a mobile device and a computer. This is a very good example of harnessing technology, especially in reporting disasters and typhoons and other environmental issues in our communities, said Dave City-based journalist Henrietta Tacit. Our reporting is fast, immediate and readers can track down latest information. Foreign Literature Real-time Notification and Situational Awareness in Fire Emergency Fire emergency systems are responsive in their nature; dispatching and rescuing operations are performed as response actions upon the occurrence of fire. Delaying the response would cause an increase in the loss of lives and property, where few seconds can separate between fire containment and flasher. Kasbah (2009) discussed about the data received in case a fire emergency occurred. The nature of data that assists fire response operations can be classified onto two categories: static and dynamic data. Geographical information such as locations of historical incidents, statistics, risk areas, street networks, points of interest and other features are included in the static data class as they are rarely changeable over time. Current GIS systems and applications are capable of handling this class of information efficiently. On the other hand, dynamic data encompasses sudden occurrences of events or rapidly changing information. Locations of emergency vehicles, meteorological sensor observations, 91 1 emergency calls, and airborne visible and infrared mages of current 5 active fires are some examples of dynamic data. Disaster Management Cycle Disaster management aims to reduce, or avoid, the potential losses from hazards, assure prompt and appropriate assistance to victims of disaster, and achieve rapid and effective recovery. The Disaster management cycle illustrates the ongoing process by which governments, businesses, and civil society plan for and reduce the impact of disasters, react during and immediately following a disaster, and take steps to recover after a disaster has occurred. Appropriate actions at all points in the cycle lead to greater rapidness, better warnings, reduced vulnerability or the prevention of disasters during the next iteration of the cycle. The complete disaster management cycle includes the shaping of public policies and plans that either modify the causes of disasters or mitigate their effects on people, property, and infrastructure. Disaster is a sudden adverse or unfortunate extreme event which causes great damage to human beings as well as plants and animals. With that said disaster response must be effective and efficient. Himalayan stated that Absence of a central authority for integrated disaster management and lack f coordination within and between disaster related organizations is responsible for effective and efficient disaster management. Disaster Risk Management includes sum total of all activities, programmers and measures which can be taken up before, during and after a disaster with the purpose to avoid a disaster, reduce its impact or recover from its losses. The three key stages of activities that are taken up within disaster risk management are as follows. Pre-disaster activities those which are taken to reduce human and property losses caused by a potential hazard. For example, carrying out wariness campaigns and strengthening the existing weak structures. The preparation of the disaster management plans at household and community level, etc. Such risk reduction measures taken under this stage are termed as mitigation and preparedness activities. These include initiatives taken to ensure that the needs and provisions of victims are met and suffering is minimized. Activities taken under this stage are called emergency response activities. There are initiatives taken in response to a disaster with a purpose to achieve early recovery and rehabilitation of affected communities, immediately after a disaster strikes. These are called as response and recovery activities. Disaster Response: Preparation and Coordination Disasters are the ultimate test of emergency response capability. The ability to effectively deal with disasters is becoming more relevant because Of factors that tend to increase risk. Unfortunately, there are recurring difficulties with disaster response. Lessons learned in previous disasters are not always being applied in other communities. Sometimes this is because accurate information regarding the basic underlying causes of the difficulties is not readily available to emergency and disaster responders. As deer Hide stated accurate information is needed to effectively deal with disasters, we can consider Communication as one major difficulty with disaster response. To lessen the risk with disasters that is happening and will happen in the future, we need to secure more ways to increase the way to communicate with the fire department bureau, aside from calls we can also inform them through short message service. Utilization of GAPS in Orienteering Mapping of Urban City and Rural Area The increasing complexity of our world, the pressure on natural resources, the degradation of the environment and the security of citizens require accurate APS to display a wide variety of information. To meet these challenges, timely produced maps made using high-quality and reliable information are of importance to governments, companies and citizens. Orienteering maps are good examples of standardized maps, which meet these qualifications and will therefore be used as the focus of this study. According to Marten Bistros the Mapping of their Urban City and Rural Area can help them to track the available route for them to pass by. Integrated fire alarm system that can deliver alerts via SMS The ability to effectively deal with fire is becoming more relevant because of actors that tend to increase risk. The best way to decrease the task that can do before the fire fighters respond we need to decrease the reporters task first. The automatic sending of SMS for emergency situation is most reliable to fire stations to respond to the fire scene faster. Specifically, common fire alert systems are usually based on temperature sensors, smoke sensors and fire detectors, which can only detect fires occurring near where they are installed with a low rate of accuracy, the students said. Firefighting teams usually only receive fire alerts through phone calls from people at the scene ND it will take time for firefighters to verify the fire, which slowdowns the extinguishing process, the students said. Developing of this proposed fire alarm system of group of Ho Chi Mini City students can do more reliable in real time emergency situations. Eliminating of unnecessary task is a huge help for time management, determining the needs and most important thing and eliminating of less helpful is also help to prioritize the things to do by Step by Step procedure. Mobile Education Service Based on SMS and their Architecture According to Parmesan wireless mobile application can be differentiated by woo underlying technology platforms: wireless web-based technology such as Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), and Text-Based Technology or Short Messaging Services (SMS). SMS is a basic and common feature given by cellular operators to users. To use WAP feature, user have to activate GAPS facility and they have to use mobile phone which has WAP capability. Recently, the growing influence of SMS has attracted significant attention. A: a convenient and low-cost mobile communication technology, SMS is experiencing very rapid growth. In the past year, approximately million mobile users worldwide sent an average of 20 billion Sums every month. Indeed the volume of SMS messages sent is rapidly increasing. In Europe, Norway leads the region with an average of 47 message sent per month per user while Philippines lead the Asia Pacific region with 336 SMS messages. The worldwide increasing growth of SMS messaging services has spurred the developments of SMS commerce application, which mainly cover consumer- orientated business such as alerting, ticket booking and retailing. Given that the huge SMS messaging customer base could potentially serve as major component of the Commerces customer base, many commerce providers are becoming more interested in SMS commerce application. According to Graphing Programs the university as an educational organization has a lot if valuable information which can be provided to the students, such as grade release, Enrollment information, University announcement, and internship opportunity. If the university can provide them in the SMS service, the students can get the information easier and faster. This system can help also to send message for alert and inform the students. Related Studies Local Studies GSM-SMS for Emergencies Emergencies happen when you least expect it, Espanola stated that: GSM- SMS is a very ideal communication/messaging medium of the new generation specially when the information to be communicated is short or when full conversation is not possible. SMS is a more convenient alternative to email or data communication between distributed and mobile groups of people, since the messages are delivered to mobile equipment that are kept in the subscribers pocket and can be stored as reference later on. The usefulness of using GSM-SMS as a medium of communication is elevated as both senders and receivers of the messages find it very easy to compose, send, read and retort to short messages. Thus a simple person-to- person messaging generates a high volume of SMS. Using of SMS via phone ay faster than manual in terms of : Composing message Sending message Giving Information through mobile SMS Disaster Preparedness in the Philippines Due to catastrophes that have happened in different parts of the world recently having disaster preparedness in schools all the more becomes crucial and relevant. In a 2009 study assessing disaster preparedness of 37 public schools in Luzon it was found out that: 95 % reported to have disaster committees 35% had disaster preparedness plans ; 95% conducted drills once a year (fire and earthquake drills most time. -95% were aware of disaster management programs f the Depend and the United Nations Childrens Fund (EUNICE) conducted trainings on disaster risk education in schools. The seminar included: Understanding Disasters and Disaster Risk Management Emergency Preparedness and Response School Base Emergency Planning Although much effort is put in to the area of disaster preparedness, the country still has a lot more to improve on. Continuous effort must be done to fully equip our schools to face disasters. Several Fire Incidents happen in different parts of the world, and the main factors needed of an efficient fire response is speed. With the formation of Text Fire Philippines the time needed in gathering information and verifying the message is reduced thus a faster fire response is made. Message received from the reporter includes: ; Location ; Time ; Status of Fire SMS Dispatch Server has 60 modems and can send up to 600 messages per minute. When the system receives a report, it will be verified by an operator. If verified, the information will be dispatched instantly to all fire stations and firefighters. Also Text Fire Philippines Affiliates: Backlog Canyon De ROR Zebu Catboat Dugan Dave Lillo Legals Nag Sorenson Tobacco, Bucolic Tactical Tarmac SMS Phone, Web, Mobile Communication System SMS is the most widely used data application in the world, with 3. Billion active users, or 78% of all mobile phone subscribers. The term SMS is used as an acronym for all types of short text messaging and the user activity itself in many parts of the world. SMS has used on modern handsets originated from radio telegraphy in radio memo pagers using standardized phone protocols. These were defined as part of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) series of standards as a means of the following: sending messages of up to 1 60 characters And from GSM mobile handsets Though most SMS messages are mobile-to-mobile text messages, support for the service has expanded to include such other mobile technologies as ANSI CDMA networks and Digital AMPS, as well as satellite and landlines networks. Short Message Service (SMS) is a text messaging service component of: Phone Web Mobile communication systems, using standardized communications protocols that allow the exchange of short text messages between fixed line or mobile phone devices. Computer Aided Routing and Real-Time tracking via GAPS for Manila Fire Trucks The response time of the fire fighters is very important. The faster they arrive on an emergency would determine the rate of success on doing their job. Based on the study of Tuba, Dab, Guardia and Relic each time passes, fire grow larger, so addressing this problem would lessen or minimize the destruction of property and avoid possible deaths. Factors involving the delay of fire fighters in response to emergency situations could be lessened or even eliminated through the aid of a computer. Their thesis mainly involved in addressing this type of problem by applying the aid Of computer program. The study aims to provide aid by automating the locations of streets and addressing route problems. The programs involves feature like auto routing navigational system with communication at the base station, GAPS tracking, and a digital map that displays streets names, landmarks, and fire hydrants; which are included in the GUI of the system. The GAPS model used was a Garment Rhino 120 series that has a two way radio function. Geographical information system (GIS) was applied be implementing a redeemed digital map by Conformations which provided their thesis with a sample called Campus which displays the needed information on the digital map. Software with the GIS functionality and compatibility used by the roof was the Manifold System Software which is computer aided design based map editing software.

Tantra essays

Tantra essays Many people have different ways of relaxing after a hard day at the office or work place. Some people go out for a drink or a movie and others just come home and relax in front of the television. But more people today are looking other places for a way to relax that is more involved with power of faith and understanding. Though it has been around for hundreds of years, many are coming to the practice of Tantra to help them relax and obtain a better understanding of life and existence itself. That is the purpose of this paper, to inform the reader on the origin and the belief of Tantra. This paper will also clarify the practices and positions of Tantra for the person who would like to begin a Tantric lifestyle. It will also determine the differences between the popular practice of Yoga from the forms of Tantra. Before one can begin to practice such a life changing belief, one must know exactly what it is. Tantra is a mystical practice to so many people that it is often difficult to give a true definition (Douglas). But the most general meaning of the belief of Tantra is, a spiritual science, which means it is also mystical, in its interconnectedness, the holistic wisdom like between ourselves and the universe we inhabit. (Douglas) It is the most rarest and most sacred of all the Buddhist teachings (about-tantra.org). Tantra will bring one who practices a sense of understanding in all aspects of their lives, spiritually, emotionally and physically. Tantra is not only used to gain spiritual and emotional understanding, it is also used sexually. By believing in Tantra, a person will supposedly have an unbelievable sexual experience every time a person engages in sexual intercourse. The Tantric way of life involves heavy meditation, body manipulation and concentration to cleanse the mind and reach enlightenment(Yeshe, 3). Everything that exists in the Tantric belief is done internally, expect of course for the positions invo...

Preliminary investigation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Preliminary investigation - Assignment Example The basic steps include the filing of a Complaint-Affidavit, the Issuance of subpoena by the prosecutor who is investigating to the respondent, the filing of a counter-affidavit by the respondent, the filing of a Reply-Affidavit and Rejoinder-Affidavit and resolution. In a primary investigation, a number of things are included. They include: ascertaining if the suspect is armed and still in the area, proceeding to the scene safely and promptly, rendering assistance to the injured, effecting the arrest of the criminal, locating and identifying witnesses, interviewing the complainant and witness, maintaining the crime scene and protecting evidence, interrogating the suspect, arranging the collection of evidence, reporting the incident accurately and fully, and yielding the responsibility to the follow-up investigator (Urlacher & Duffy, 2010). The most important aspect of these is the securing of the crime scene and protection of evidence. This is because the scene of crime usually provides some important leads as well as evidence that can be useful in settling the case. If the scene is not secured, the evidence might be tampered with, and this jeopardizes the settling of the case. Preliminary investigation benefits the plaintiff in that it provides room for an investigation that might bring evidence that supports his or her case. It avoids a hasty trial that can be defeated on grounds of insufficient evidence. Therefore, by identifying a probable cause, the preliminary investigation helps to solidify the plaintiff’s case. It is beneficial to the judicial economy because with the appropriate evidence, judges are able to make a quick determination so that the case does not drag on for long. Mary Carter Agreements are used in the settlement of multi-party litigations. According to Sedrak (2012), a Mary Carter Agreement is a contract or agreement whereby one codefendant makes a secret agreement with the plaintiff that if

Film and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Film and Culture - Essay Example Culture is the force behind every variable aspect of a person’s life, including language, race, traditions, art work, and even movies. Culture can vary from within a group of people to, however people with similar traditions and life styles are often put together in similar cultural groups. Culture can also highly influence the beliefs and life styles of a group of people. Different beliefs can be based on the effects of a person’s culture on those beliefs. Cultures can also change or shift, depending on trends and the ideologies of people of that time. Some cultures fade or die away with time, well other main stream cultures, or their ideas directly effected by them, may stay around for many years. While culture may seem like an overwhelming idea and ideology set, in simplifying it we must not forgot to include all aspects of a person’s life that may affect their culture, or to be effected by it. Culture is an important aspect of who we are, and why we are like that. One of the most unique aspects of culture is the art forms that various different people come to deeply connect with their culture. As far back as the Native Americans, different art mediums have become deeply ingrained within a people’s culture, and have also grew to define who a people are. This can no more be true in modern times than in the ways film and culture have become so deeply ingrained with each other. In today’s fast paced world, the connection between films and culture may not be seen at a first glance. However, just as it has been sense the dawning of Hollywood, the myriad of ways that film and culture connect with each other is almost uncountable. Film and culture have become almost inseparable in places, and there is such a deep running connection between the two that it is often times hard to see the difference between them. Film critic John Frame said these words on the deep connection between

Types of health Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Types of health - Coursework Example Diabetes is a dangerous disease where the sugar balances in the blood of a human being does not match with the clinical requirement and the health standards in order for the body to be functioning well the insulin does not perform well. There are two types of diabetes that affects the human bodies. There is the diabetes mellitus where the amount of sugar in the body exceeds the required amount here the level of insulin is low. The next is the diabetes insipidus, where the level of sugar in the blood is below the required standard. I feel my blood sugar level is slightly above the normal since once I consume something sweet I feel so much irritated and I feel as if I will never take sugar in my life again.I had picked this topic since I felt that it is the best and the level of the sugar has given me a headache and much stress in life since I started feeling the abnormalities in the body. I have always wanted to get the advice and know how to control this disease. I have always search ed for the treatment or measure to take in order to control it.In order to be able to manage the diagnosis, I will try to be taking food with less sugar and be eating three meals a day which are also less in sugar and the sugary substances. The food that I will be taking will contain no sugar or glucose in any way. I will try to be undertaking exercise more often so that the insulin levels in my body can fix itself. I will undertake the medicines and pills given by the doctor in order to increase the level of insulin in the body.

The different sources of cultural bias

The different sources of cultural bias Sources of Cultural Biases can be interpreting through different frameworks which meaning is attributed. Sue and Sue (1990) attributed class, culture bound values; differences in verbal, emotional, and behavioral expressiveness, differences in causes and effect orientation, and differences in patterns of communication. The discrepancy in attributional systems that are culturally different clients and counselors bring to their interactions may present a barrier. The interactions may fail because of underlying mechanisms of culturally mediated attributional differences. The relationship between subjective culture (Triandis, (1972) and attributional processes are illuminated by theoretical and empirical work conducted by social psychologists as well as important insights from the field of linguistics. The occurrence, form and meaning of a particular behavior in a particular situation may differ from culture to culture because of differences in norms, values, role perceptions, expectatio ns, and historical experience. Individuals from different cultural traditions bring to cross-cultural interactions different implicit, as well as explicit, frameworks for interpreting these experiences (Albert, 1983). These differences in interpretation may lead culturally different people to view the same situation or behavior very differently. There is a great range of within-group variation in the attribution and cause and meaning, between-group variation may account for failed interactions because of differential attributions likely to occur (Salzman, 1990). The silence of an individual from one culture may be interpreted by a culturally different as indifferent or hostility when it was intended as respectful noninterference. The behavioral consequences of this discrepancy could interfere with the development of mutually respectful, cooperative, professional and personal relationships. Attributions are inferences about the causes of behavior. Heider (1958) indicated that humans are constantly engaged in the process of making inferences about behavior that is observed. Even though the behavior in any interactions that are or not performed can be important, it is the interpretations that are given to these behaviors that are critical (Albert Triandis, 1979). A compliment can be interpreted as a way to manipulate, help can be seen as demeaning and a gift as a bribe. These interpretations have predictable behavioral consequences and may serve to define the interaction. Discrepant attributions have been found to result in misunderstandings, low personal attraction, rejection and even conflict (Albert, Trianis, 1979; Salzman, 1990). It is thought that such discrepancies are more likely to occur in cross-cultural interactions because of differences in norms, roles, values and expectation that each culture has developed in adapting to life geographically, economically and historical circumstances. Heider (1958) saw all people behaving as naÃÆ'Â ¯ve scientists, constantly engaged in making inferences about events and observed behaviors by attributing causes and motives. Casual attributions, then answer the why questions about behaviors. They serve as mediators between all stimuli encountered in the world and responses made to these stimuli. Humans do not respond directly to events around us, we respond to the meanings or interpretations given to these events (Albert and Triandis, 1979). Pedersen (1987) noted that one source of bias is the implicit assumption that normal means the same to people of different social, economic, political and cultural backgrounds. Instead he argued that what is considered normal will change according to the situation, the cultural background being judged and the time during which a behavior is being displayed or observed Pedersen (1987), p. 16). He pointed out the dangers of diagnostic errors when using definitions of normality generated from the perspective of one culture with people of different cultures. Rogers objected to therapists making diagnosis of clients on their own evaluations (Rogers, 1951). He believed however that the individual client should be the only one who should make specific evaluations and set goals. Rogers (1980) advocated the location of power in the person not in the expert. Rogers espoused the view that only the individual embedded in a particular social, cultural and historical context could define normal be havior for him or herself. Pedersen (1987) asserted that many counselors neglect the development of the family, organizations and society in favor of emphasis on the welfare of the individual. According to Pedersen, counselors are encouraged to focus on changes in the individual client, sometimes blaming the group demands for the client adjustment problems and disregarding the effects of individual change on the groups to which the client belongs. Traditional counseling approaches according to Pedersen (1987) have all too often neglected other academic disciplines that speak to problems and issues of humanity such as sociology, anthropology, theology and medicine. Counselors tend to view their clients problem from a very limited perspective; however their problems are not confined to the disciplines of psychology and counseling. Pedersen (1989) believed that it is important for counselors to go outside the boundaries of their specialized knowledge and interest, to examine the issue or problem from the clients cultural perspective. According to Pedersen (1989) many counselors downplay the role of family and peers in providing support to a troubled individual and instead emphasize their professional services. He argued that counselors should attempt to incorporate the client natural support system into a treatment plan, which in some cultures is more acceptable than disclosing intimate information to the counselor, who is likely to be a stranger. Pedersen (1987) argued that too often counselors assume that their role is to change the individual to fit the system and too often fail to question whether the system should be changed to fit the individual. Counseling and therapy has a history of protecting the status quo against change, at least as perceived by minority cultures, through what has become to be called scientific racism (D.W. Sue Sue 2003). Counseling psychology has been slow to respond to evidence of cultural bias. Sampson (1993) suggests that psychology and counseling have at best accommodated add on eclectic strategies in response to culturally different movements and special interest groups without fundamentally transforming conventional frameworks of understanding. Wren (1962) first introduced the concept of cultural encapsulation. The perspective assumes five basic identifying features. First, reality is defined according to one set of cultural assumptions. Second, people become insensitive to cultural variations among individuals and assume their own view is the right one. Third, assumptions are not dependent upon reasonable proof or rational consistency but are believed true, regardless of evidence to the contrary. Fourth, solutions are sought in technique oriented strategies or quick and simple remedies. Fifth every one is judged from the viewpoint of ones self-reference criteria without regard for the other persons separate cultural context. There is evidence that the profession of counseling is even more encapsulated now than it was then when Wren wrote his original article (Albee, 1994; Wren, 1995). Counselors bias coming from two sources, such as their own cultural backgrounds and their professional training were highlighted in studies their actions toward groups other than whites. In a study examining this particular source of bias, the degree of cultural stereotyping among practicing counselors was explored using structured interviews (Bloombaum, Yamamoto, James, 1968). The results indicated that counselors attitudes toward Mexican Americans, African Americans, Chinese Americans, Japanese Americans and Jews reflected the similar degree of cultural stereotyping usually found in the general population. Counselors must recognize racism, prejudice and discrimination, and accept them as real to better understand the living reality of clients who without the benefit of choice find themselves members of minority groups on the basis of differences from the dominant culture in our society, (Glauser, 1999). Each individual counselor must identify and accept his/her personal capacity to help or hinder clients whose life experiences, beliefs and physical makeup and or culture are different from their own. A counselor who is aware of his/her own limitations, when working with members of minority groups will conform to ethical guidelines and assure that their clinical efforts have the potential to help rather than do harm. Research has shown that prejudicial responses, in the form of stereotype activation, can persist long after an individual makes a conscious break with habitual prejudice thinking (Devine, 1989). Individuals in low prejudice tend to carefully scrutinize messages from minority groups to guard against unfair reactions. The care they take may interfere with the communication process in interaction with minority group and hinder full engagement by a counselor in the therapeutic setting (Petty, Fleming and White, 1999). The following examples indicate the types of cultural issues and their effects on the counseling situation. In the cultural value system of the Chinese American passivity rather than assertiveness is revered, quiescence rather than verbal articulation is a sign of wisdom and self-effacement rather than confrontation is a model of refinement(Ching and Prosen, 1980). Since humility and modesty is so valued it is difficult for counselors to draw out responses from a Chinese American in a group setting. The reticence which reinforces silence and withdrawal as appropriate ways of dealing with conflict may be interpreted as resistance by the uneducated counselor. Democratic counselors may also be uneasy with the role of the all knowing father that the Chinese respect bestows upon them (Ching and Prosen, 1980). African Americans place great value on family, especially their children, who are seen as a gift from God and on social relationships with a great emphasis on community and their pla ce in it. In this context social conflict resolution becomes important, so that peace and equilibrium may be restored to the community while personal conduct becomes secondary. (McFadden and Gbekobov, 1984). In his discussion of counseling the Northern Natives of Canada, Darou (1987) notes that counseling is seen as cultural racism when it does not fit native values. These values are cooperation, concreteness, lack of interference, respect for elders, and the tendency to organize by space rather than time and dealing with the land as animate not an inanimate object. Bernard and Flores-Ortiz (1982) point out that Latin cultures view the family as primary support for its members. Any suggestions that the family is not fulfilling that obligation can bring shame, added stress and an increased reluctance to seek professional services. Involving family members in treatment will most likely ensure successful counseling outcomes with Latinos. In examining the aspect of grief, the way the client reacts to it should be noted and respected this helps them to normalize their experience. The counselor should not try and fix the persons pain, but be as present as possible and pay attention to what the person is telling you in the moment. Give clients the permission to talk; they may have a need to tell their story over and over, as a part of the healing process. The counselor should give the client room to express their feelings and not censor them. It is okay to ask culturally different clients how grief and loss are addressed in their culture. As counselors we must be aware of our own feelings about grief and loss from personal experiences. Self-awareness helps avoid expecting clients to act like we would in a similar situation. Alcohol and other drug treatment programs continually report relatively low success rates among African-American participants. There is a need to consider treatment approaches that are more culturally competent. Counselors must view the identity and the development of culturally diverse people in terms of multiple interactive factors rather than strictly cultural framework (Romero, 1985). A pluralistic counselor considers all facets of the clients personal history, family history, and social and cultural orientation (Arcinega and Newlou, 1981).

Technology and Education Essay -- Teaching Education Essays

Technology and Education The use of technology in schools has a great effect on not only students, but teachers as well. Today, we mostly think of technology as computers, but it is much more than that. In fact, one of the first technologies used in the classroom was the chalkboard. Most students today use technology throughout their school day. Uses for technology can be found for every subject matter a student has. Some of the most widely used tools are found in the English and Language Arts classes. Writing on word processors allows students to cut-and-paste, save their work, and use spell checkers and thesauruses. With technology students are also given advantages in learning how to read. Reading programs use drill-and-practice techniques to help with reinforcing young students’ reading skills. Technology is also used in science education. Scientific hardware such as handheld computers, thermometers, and sensors allow for out of class experimentation. Students are now able to telecollaborate with other students, and scientists, from places all around the world. This communication with others allows for the understanding of experiments. Social studies education also includes the use of technology. Databases are used to organize information, which if done by hand could take hours longer to accomplish. Online archives and simulations [1] are also used. One of my favorite technologies used in the social studies field is the ability for students to go on virtual fieldtrips. According to Ryan and Cooper (2004), these â€Å"provide a wealth of opportunities to extend learning† (p. 192). Mathematics education also uses technology to aid students. Tutorial software can provide instruction to stude... ...in the classroom. (p. 1) This five-phase study [2] concluded with the results supporting Grimes’ and Smith’s (2004) â€Å"supposition that dollars spent on technology professional development increased a teacher’s integration of technology into the classroom† (p. 5). There are so many aspects of technology that positively affect students, teachers, and the educational system. I can’t imagine my life without my own personal uses of technology. I check my email regularly, use my graphing calculator in math class, search the World Wide Web for information, and I’m using a word processor right now. I am going to school to become an elementary school teacher and I am excited to be able to use these sources of technology to help teach my students. I’m sure by the time that I am a teacher, my students will be teaching me a thing or two about computers and technology. Technology and Education Essay -- Teaching Education Essays Technology and Education The use of technology in schools has a great effect on not only students, but teachers as well. Today, we mostly think of technology as computers, but it is much more than that. In fact, one of the first technologies used in the classroom was the chalkboard. Most students today use technology throughout their school day. Uses for technology can be found for every subject matter a student has. Some of the most widely used tools are found in the English and Language Arts classes. Writing on word processors allows students to cut-and-paste, save their work, and use spell checkers and thesauruses. With technology students are also given advantages in learning how to read. Reading programs use drill-and-practice techniques to help with reinforcing young students’ reading skills. Technology is also used in science education. Scientific hardware such as handheld computers, thermometers, and sensors allow for out of class experimentation. Students are now able to telecollaborate with other students, and scientists, from places all around the world. This communication with others allows for the understanding of experiments. Social studies education also includes the use of technology. Databases are used to organize information, which if done by hand could take hours longer to accomplish. Online archives and simulations [1] are also used. One of my favorite technologies used in the social studies field is the ability for students to go on virtual fieldtrips. According to Ryan and Cooper (2004), these â€Å"provide a wealth of opportunities to extend learning† (p. 192). Mathematics education also uses technology to aid students. Tutorial software can provide instruction to stude... ...in the classroom. (p. 1) This five-phase study [2] concluded with the results supporting Grimes’ and Smith’s (2004) â€Å"supposition that dollars spent on technology professional development increased a teacher’s integration of technology into the classroom† (p. 5). There are so many aspects of technology that positively affect students, teachers, and the educational system. I can’t imagine my life without my own personal uses of technology. I check my email regularly, use my graphing calculator in math class, search the World Wide Web for information, and I’m using a word processor right now. I am going to school to become an elementary school teacher and I am excited to be able to use these sources of technology to help teach my students. I’m sure by the time that I am a teacher, my students will be teaching me a thing or two about computers and technology.

Should boys and girls be in separate classes? Essay

â€Å"Single-sex education can be especially harmful for children who do not conform to gender stereotypes. Peers are often the strongest enforcers of sex roles. Boys who do not fit the tough, athletic mold and girls who do not fit feminine stereotypes are subject to bullying or exclusion from other children.† Kimmel, M. (2008). Guyland: The perilous world where boys become men. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. â€Å"It appears that bullying is more severe in single-sex academies, which lack the buffering effects of the opposite sex.† Jackson, C. (2002). Can single-sex classes in co-educational schools enhance the learning experiences of girls and/or boys? An Exploration of Pupils’ perceptions. British Educational Research Journal, 28, 37-48. †When children are separated based on simple biological characteristics, there is potential for serious harm. First, the very act of segregation fosters the belief in deep, far-reaching behavioral and ability differences, which runs counter to the true, statistically modest sex differences that do exist.â€Å" Hyde JS (2005) The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist â€Å"Research shows that segregation promotes stereotyping. When teachers emphasize gender, for instance, by lining up boys and girls separately, the children develop more stereotypic views of gender than peers in classrooms where gender is not emphasized.† Hilliard, Lacey J.; Liben, Lynn S. 2010. Differing levels of gender salience in preschool classrooms: Effects on children’s gender attitudes and intergroup bias. Child Development, 81: 1787-1798. â€Å"In fact, segregated classes also increase teachers’ stereotyping.† Datnow, A., Hubbard, L., & Woody, E. (2001) Is single-gender learning viable in the public sector? Lessons from California’s pilot program. Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. â€Å"She found that after two weeks of teachers using gendered language and divisions — lining children up by gender and asking boys and girls to post work on separate bulletin boards — the students showed an increase in gender-stereotyped attitudes toward each other and their choice of toys, and they played less with children of the other sex.† Penn State â€Å"Sex Segregation in Schools Detrimental to Equality.† ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 22 Sept. 2011. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. More behavior problems â€Å"Gender segregation has negative consequences for social behavior. Research has shown that children who spend more time playing only with same-sex peers show increased gender-typed activities, and their behavior becomes increasingly gender-differentiated.† Martin, C. L., & Fabes, R. A. (2001). The stability and consequences of same-sex peer interactions. Developmental Psychology, 37, 431-446. â€Å"For instance, boys with more exposure to same-sex peers become more aggressive over time, and certain boys, such as those with less self-control, are placed at greater risk for behavior problems.† Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Guthrie, I. K., & Martin, C. L. (1997). Roles of temperamental arousal and gender segregated play in young children’s social adjustment. Developmental Psychology, 33, 693-702. Main point 2: Prevent socialization between different gender Crossed gender friendship â€Å"By contrast, children in a co-ed class have a wider opportunity to find others they are comfortable with. This is supported by a large recent study of middle and high-school students, where greater numbers of cross-gender friendships were found to reduce the overall level of aggression, compared to schools in which such friendships are rarer.† Faris, R., & Felmlee, D. (2010). Status struggles: Network centrality and gender segregation in same- and cross-gender aggression.American Sociological Review, 76, 48-73. Learn about each other â€Å"To be successful, children must learn to live and work with others whose beliefs, backgrounds, skills, and interpersonal styles are different from their own. Research has clearly shown that children who have interacted with  diverse individuals are better prepared for this task.1 The experience of sharing, working, and learning with children of both genders is vital to developing healthy relationships in both their future families and workplaces.† Orfield, G., Frankenberg, E., & Garces, L. M. (2008). Statement of American social scientists of research on school desegregation to the U.S. Supreme Court in Parents v. Seattle District and Meredith v. Jefferson County. Urban Review, 20, 96-136. Ineffective No advantages â€Å"Our examination of the existing studies leads us to conclude that there is not scientific evidence for positive effects of single-sex schooling,† said Liben. â€Å"That’s not to say that academic outcomes are definitively worse, but neither are they definitively better. Advantages have not been demonstrated.† Penn State â€Å"Sex Segregation in Schools Detrimental to Equality.† ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 22 Sept. 2011. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. Expensive Counterclaim: Different learning style Supporting evidence â€Å"Their argument is that girls and boys have very different brains, with boys oriented towards math, science and reasoning, and girls excelling in personal relationships and emotion. In this view, the sexes should be parented and educated differently, and steered towards separate careers.† Rivers, Caryl, and Rosalind C. Barnett. â€Å"Education.† Single-Sex Schooling Loses Ground for Good Reasons. N.p., June 2013. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. Counterclaim evidence â€Å"Some supporters of single-sex schools claim that brain differences between boys and girls require different teaching styles. But neuroscientists have found few differences between male and female brains, and none has been linked to different learning styles.† â€Å"It’s simply not true that boys and girls learn differently,† she said. â€Å"Advocates for single-sex education don’t like the parallel with racial segregation, but the parallels are there. We used to believe that the races learned differently, too.† Lewin,  Tamar. â€Å"Single-Sex Education Is Assailed in Report.† The New York Times. The New York Times, 22 Sept. 2011. Web. 23 Feb. 2015. Links https://thesanfordschool.asu.edu/acces/evidence-based-answers-0

How a Gamble Paid Off

How a Gamble Paid Off Several years ago, I spent ten days in Las Vegas on business. I allowed myself only twenty dollars to gamble with and am proud to say I broke even. After my home state approved the lottery, people lined up to buy the prized tickets. Not I. I can probably count on one hand the number of lottery tickets Ive bought. Im just not that much of a gambler. But the one time I did gamble, it paid off in a big way. A very big way. I had this completed manuscript titled Wink of an Eye gathering dust in my file drawer when I saw a notice in FundsForWriters for the St. Martins Press/Private Eye Writers of America Best 1st PI Novel competition. The manuscript met all the criteria for submission so I stuffed it in an envelope, scraped together the thirty dollar entry fee and mailed them off. To others, thirty dollars may not seem like a lot, but at that time I was unemployed and on the last weeks of collecting unemployment. It was a weeks worth of groceries. But I took a chance, crossed my fingers and said a prayer. Time went Then one day many weeks later, there in my inbox was an email from St. Martins Press. They were pleased to advise me Wink of an Eye had been chosen as a finalist for the competition. I remember being super excited that it could garner a publishing contract or some other kind of notice as a second place, third place, or honorable mention submission, because surely it wouldnt win. A week later, I received another email from St. Martins advising me my manuscript, Wink of and Eye, had won the competition. The prize was a ten thousand-dollar advance and publishing contract. Not a bad return on a thirty-dollar investment. Im still not much of a gambler, but I will take a second look at contests with big prizes now. If you consider entering your work in a contest, there are a few things to consider. First, is the entry fee fair in relation to the prizes? I saw a recent call for submissions where the entry fee was forty dollars with a hundred-dollar prize. You do the math. Secondly, winning a contest does not mean your winning entry will be published, unless the prize is publication. In that case, you still must read the contest rules and regulations, and contract if offered, thoroughly, to determine if the rights taken and means published fit your preferences. And lastly, entering your unpublished work in a contest should carry the same polish as if you were submitting to a publisher. Revise, edit, proofread. Repeat. The process should be the same whether its going to a contest, small press, or big house. Not all contests are equal, but there are some really good ones out there. And they can be an excellent way of getting your foot in the door and reaching an audience, if youre willing to take the gamble.

Term Papers Editing

Term Papers Editing Term Papers Editing Term Papers EditingDear students, now we write from the side of your instructors. They complain that you submit your term papers, do not make proofreading and editing. They say that to submit a term paper without term paper editing means failure to get a good grade.They cannot understand how you can submit papers without additional look at their structure, mistakes in language and format. If you want to get their respect and a good grade, you should look at their tips on term paper editing at least. Here we present tips from our experts of writing:Why Do We Perform Term Paper Editing?Taking into account the high percent of students, who order term paper editing at us after they have received their assignments from other writing services, (and this percent makes up 50%) we considered this and started performing some useful services, such as:Checking. We may check your paper for mistakes presences and remove them from your paper.Research making. If you need to conduct a research, you are welcome to use our term paper editing.Additional writing. Let us imagine that you have not managed to write the introduction or conclusion. We may do it instead of you.Additional information inserting. If you need more citations, examples or other additional information, we may find it for you and insert into your paper without text changing.Please, Pay Attention To The Popular Sections Of Our Site:Term Paper Editing General Mistakes Punctuation. This mistake is one of the most serious and common. Students do not want to check their term papers. Thus, they do not notice mistakes in punctuation. In addition, they want to add some inappropriate words and word-combinations, overloading their text.Subject-verb. The agreement of them should be right, especially, if there are some adverbs between them.Use of nouns. Sometimes collective and possessive nouns have their own usage, about what students forget.Wrong format of citations. It is a sore subject, because students do n ot pay attention to the style they write in.Redundancy of information. There may be many sentences, which are not in a logical order. In the same way, some words are also odd.Lack of prepositional phrases. Students do not see a need to use them or use some clichs.Term Paper Editing TipsDo not submit paper without checking it. Double read it or give to another person to read.As you have written your term paper, check up the structure (introduction, body part and conclusion), transitional words and sentences, etc.Use citations in the right format.Format of your paper is important aspect. Check it for yourself.Follow the format of the outline, as it may be of two types.If you want, we may write a new assignment for you. Sometimes, it is faster and cheaper than to edit a term paper due to a great number of mistakes there. Your Choice, Your Money, Your Time! Contact us and receive an excellent professional assistance!

Informative paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Informative - Research Paper Example The aim of this paper is to browse through the various legal aspects of internet governance that help minimize the concerns related to internet. Body Nature of the problem Both the private sector as well as the government sector has become very concerned about cyber security and these concerns have elevated due to various sources. These sources include: Individuals and groups have accepted the importance of internet as it is found to be present in different spheres of human life. Computer systems and information technology related resources have become increasingly dependant on internet. Concern has even elevated because quite frequently, organizations from both the private and the public world report breach of information. Different types of viruses and malwares are spreading and they are becoming quite complex for people from the industry to tackle. Government is continuously involved in the process of conducting investigative operations on the way internet is being used. Various i nternet related attacks conducted throughout the world. Concerns have even stemmed out of activities such as cybercrime which includes: theft of identity, credit card online frauds, illegal pornography, and loss of property that is intellectual in nature. On top of the sources of concern is the concern for privacy of data that is with the government and the private sector. Internet users have increased and almost 32.7% of the world’s population is using internet, but they are unaware of the threats they may face and their awareness of how to avoid such threats is even low in amount (International Business Publications, 2007, p.38). These users are recognized as soft targets and a number of criminal entities can take advantage of them. Those entities that may pose a threat to users include: hackers, government organizations, especially intelligence agencies. The motives behind attacks related to internet includes: economic benefits, attacks conducted for the betterment of the security of the nation and self satisfaction. Responses from international community The international community and the local community have responded in several ways to the threats and the attackers. During the period of 2001, COE (Council of Europe) held a treaty signing session on the subject of cyber terrorism. The meeting focused on three major problems related to cybercrime (Bachmaier, 2010, p.203). These issues included: various kinds of cyber attacks that nations need to address in their laws and regulations, the adoption of these rules and regulations to solve major issues and corporation between nations to solve the issue of cybercrime. The convention has made ample amount of progress and it has been able to add 21 countries to the convention and tried to persuade a total of 30 countries to get into the agreement (Bachmaier, 2010, p.203). During the period of 2010 a UN Crime Congress was held in the area of Salvador, here Brazil tried to get other nations into signing a t reaty to counter cybercrime (Boister, 2012, p.118). Brazil failed to persuade other nations to sign the treaty even though heated discussions took place and problems were discussed in great lengths. The reason due to which agreement was not reached includes concern for rights of humans, national security and other issues. The problematic question in such cases is how to bridge the differences among these nations

World health organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

World health organization - Essay Example In order to achieve the accessibility of the health services, there must be a strong, well-run, and efficient health system. The health system is useful for accessing the essential technologies and medicines through motivated and sufficient health workers. Most countries are unable to expand health services in order to meet the growing needs due to limited resources (Terry 636). In spite of the commitment of developed countries such as USA to the universal coverage, there are still various unsolved puzzles on how to deliver access to health services and protection of financial risk across all people. Today, most research is devoted in new technologies without considering the essentiality of making use of the existing knowledge. Currently, research is required in order to turn the existing knowledge into practice. Various questions concerning the universal coverage need local answers. For example, the questions can be the health-seeking behaviors, how the system can be structured, and how to measure the progress of the health care in the USA (WHO, 2013). The questions imply that all member countries across the world are required to be their own producers of research. According to the 2013 report, WHO came up with three examples to enhance progress towards universal health. The examples include bed nets, cash payments, and affordability of the health care for the ageing European population. Surveys carried out in the US show that the U.S. health system spends a greater sum of gross domestic product on health services when compared to a survey in 22 African countries. In general, the survey was able to reveal that at least one fly spray treated mosquito net was able to reduce mortality rate of children under the age of five by 13-31%. Also, the surveys in America recommended that conditional cash transfer and the cash payment is made in return for offering health care services. The review